CHEM01200604005 A. K. Pathak - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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geometry optimizations are carried without imposing any symmetry restriction. Several closely spaced minimum energy structures are predicted for larger size clusters (n>3) based on quasi-Newton search. It is observed that the ammoniated potassium cluster is stabilized by different types of interactions namely potassium–nitrogen interaction and hydrogen bonded interaction in ammoniated network. But structures having potassium– nitrogen interactions are more stable compared to those of hydrogen bonded structures. As several closely spaced minimum energy structures are obtained for larger clusters (n>3), weighted average energy parameters are also calculated based on the statistical population at 150 K. Linear variation of weighted average solvent stabilization energy with size of the cluster (n) is observed. Gradual decrease in VIP w with the size of the cluster (n) is also observed. Hessian calculation is also carried out on each cluster to generate IR spectra. In all the IR spectra of K.nNH 3 cluster (n=1-6) the bending and stretching bands are red shifted and inversion band is blue shifted compare to that of free ammonia molecule. It is also interesting to observe that in the N-H stretching region the major contribution to the peak is from symmetric mode for all the ammoniated clusters, K.nNH 3 (n=1-6). On the other hand the major contribution to the peak due to N-H stretching for free NH 3 molecule is due to the asymmetric mode. 106
CHAPTER 7 Structure, Energetics and Spectra of CO 2 Embedded Anionic Clusters 7.1. Introduction Up to chapter 6, discussions have been carried about microsolvation of various charged and neutral species in strongly polar solvent like water and less polar solvent like ammonia medium. To understand the microsolvation of solutes, studies have been carried out also in nonpolar medium like carbon dioxide and presented in this chapter. Small anionic clusters having negatively charged chromophore have considered as model systems for studying the influence of solvation on various fundamental molecular processes. 73-74 In this regard, iodine dimer radical anion (I •− 2 ) embedded in argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) cluster have been studied extensively by various researchers applying both experimental and theoretical techniques. 75-79 Photo induced dissociation and recombination dynamics of these clusters have been studied by femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy, time-resolved absorption recovery experiments and molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular electronic structure theory has also been applied to study the geometry of the solvated monomer cluster, I •− 2 .CO 2 . 48 First principle based theoretical studies is interesting in such clusters for characterizing the specific interactions between solute I •− 2 and solvent CO 2 molecules as well as between two solvent CO 2 molecules. As CO 2 molecule is having centre of symmetry, vibrational IR 107
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MICROSOLVATION OF CHARGED AND NEUTR
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STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertati
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Dedicated to my Daughter, Wife and
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CONTENTS Page No. SYNOPSIS LIST OF
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CHAPTER 4 Solubility of Halogen Gas
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7.3.4. IR and Raman Spectra 117-121
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S Macroscopic Microscopic Dual leve
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molecular level interaction during
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Chapter 3: This chapter describes I
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In this system the conformers of a
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LIST OF FIGURES Page No. Fig. 1.1 2
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Fig. 2.6 54 (I) Plot of calculated
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(IIIA) Cl 2 .3H 2 O; (IIIB) Br 2 .3
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Fig. 6.3 104-105 Calculated scaled
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LIST OF TABLES Page No. Table. 2.1
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1. Microso
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1.2. Motivation 1.2.1. Macrosolvati
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ulk water and pure neutral water cl
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insight about the electronic struct
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Newton -Raphson (NR) method expand
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potential energy surface for these
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terms, the energy can be written in
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Boyd proposed the use of Gaussian t
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eported experimental findings. Theo
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hydrated halide series, X¯.nH 2 O,
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anions (Cl •− 2 , Br •− 2 &
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geometrical parameters close to MP2
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symmetrical DHB, SHB or WHB arrange
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of I-I axis and having the least I-
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Br •− 2 .nH 2 O hydrated cluste
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VI-F VI-G VII-A VII-B VII-C VII-D V
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To see the effect of hydration on t
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Five minimum energy structures disp
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arrangements. In total, it has one
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NO 3 − .nH2 O (n ≥ 6), a few eq
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V-E V-F V-G V-H V-I VI-A VI-B VI-C
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VII-D VII-E VII-F VII-G VII-H VII-I
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VIII-K VIII-L Fig.2.2. Fully optimi
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clusters. Hydrated cluster having c
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However, these calculations do not
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Table 2.1. Weighted average energy
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Where, E[I •− 2 .nH 2 O] is the
Page 85 and 86: The variation of the weighted avera
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER 3 IR Spectra of Water Embed
Page 89 and 90: ecome more meaningful. At present,
Page 91 and 92: I-A II-A II-B III-A III-B III-C III
Page 93 and 94: Cluster experiments are carried out
Page 95 and 96: 3350-3500 cm -1 (scaling factor ~0.
Page 97 and 98: these systems, X. nH 2 O (X= Br 2
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 4 Solubility of Halogen Gas
Page 101 and 102: including polarized and diffuse fun
Page 103 and 104: and I 2 systems. The most stable st
Page 105 and 106: Cl Cl Br Br I I VA VB VC Cl Cl Br B
Page 107 and 108: (Br δ+ -Br δ- ) in the studied hy
Page 109 and 110: stabilization energy does not follo
Page 111 and 112: 80 Cl 2 .nH 2 O (n=1-8) 80 Br 2 .nH
Page 113 and 114: separated ion pair in presence of s
Page 115 and 116: adical ( • OH) reacts with HCO 3
Page 117 and 118: most stable conformer for each size
Page 119 and 120: The structures of the hydrated clus
Page 121 and 122: Table 5.1. Calculated absorption ma
Page 123 and 124: molar extinction coefficient value
Page 125 and 126: ammonia. 61-62 Hydrogen bonded wate
Page 127 and 128: stable minimum energy structure is
Page 129 and 130: IV-A IV-B V-A V-B V-C VI-A VI-B VI-
Page 131 and 132: 6.3.3. Vertical Ionization Potentia
Page 133 and 134: 311++G(2d,2p) level, the scaling fa
Page 135: K(NH 3 ) 4 K(NH 3 ) 5 IR Intensity
Page 139 and 140: Thus Monte Carlo based simulated an
Page 141 and 142: I I I I I I I I A B C D I I I I I I
Page 143 and 144: interaction as well as solvent-solv
Page 145 and 146: Table 7.1. Various energy parameter
Page 147 and 148: change in VDE is observed. This is
Page 149 and 150: symmetric C-O stretching mode of CO
Page 151 and 152: to the maximum charge transfer of t
Page 153 and 154: CHAPTER 8 A Generalized Microscopic
Page 155 and 156: possible breakdown of these laws ma
Page 157 and 158: P 7 P , , P , ,, 1 ∂ 2
Page 159 and 160: M DE = (r, ω)C DE , (r,
Page 161 and 162: known. However, for most of the com
Page 163 and 164: The calculated bulk detachment ener
Page 165 and 166: espect to experimentally measured v
Page 167 and 168: References 1. Ohtaki, H.; Radani, T
Page 169 and 170: 29. Turi, L.; Sheu, W.; Rossky,P.J.
Page 171 and 172: 61. (a) Ehrler, O. T.; Neumark, D.
Page 173 and 174: LIST OF PUBLICATIONS *1. “σ/σ
Page 175 and 176: 13. “Vibrational analysis of I
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CHEM01200604005 A. K. Pathak - Homi Bhabha National Institute

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