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Annual report Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2004 Table 2. territory New and relapsed cases and rates per 100,000 population, Australia, 2004, by state or New cases New cases rate Relapse cases Relapse case rate Total notifications Total rate ACT 14 4.3 0 0.0 14 4.3 NSW 412 6.1 19 0.3 431 6.4 NT 27 13.5 1 0.5 28 14.0 Qld 122 3.1 7 0.2 129 3.3 SA 60 3.9 0 0.0 60 3.9 Tas* 10 2.1 0 0.0 11 2.3 Vic 317 6.4 5 0.1 322 6.5 WA 80 4.0 1 0.1 81 4.1 Australia 1,042 5.2 33 0.2 1,076 5.4 * One case from Tasmania was unknown relapse/new status. Tuberculosis notifications in the Australianborn population In 2004, 191 (17.7%) cases of TB occurred in the Australian-born population, of whom 152 (79%) were non-Indigenous, and 39 (21%) were Indigenous Australians (Table 3). The TB incidence rate in the non-Indigenous Australian-born population (1.0 cases per 100,000 population) has remained stable over the past 13 years. The incidence of TB in Indigenous Australians for 2004 was 8.1 cases per 100,000 population, the lowest rate reported for this population since 1991. However, the TB incidence was still 8 times the rate in non-Indigenous Australian-born people. Nineteen of the 39 cases in Indigenous Australians were reported from the Northern Territory, a jurisdiction where 28 per cent of the population are Indigenous Australians as compared to 2 per cent nation wide. Tuberculosis notifications in the overseas-born population In 2004, 885 cases (82.3%) were overseas-born. The rate of notifi cation, 21.7 cases per 100,000 population was similar to rates in this population in the previous two years (19.1 and 20.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2003 and 2002 respectively, Figure 3). Amongst people born overseas in the Australian population, the largest number of cases was in those born in India, Viet Nam, the Philippines and China as in previous years (Table 4). TB rates were highest among those born in Somalia, Sudan and Ethiopia, although these represent a relatively small number of cases in a small estimated resident population. Table 3. Tuberculosis notifications and incidence rates in all Australian-born persons, Australia, 2004, by state or territory Indigenous Indigenous rate Non Indigenous Australian born Non- Indigenous rate Total Australian born Total rate ACT 0 0.0 2 0.8 2 0.8 NSW 7 4.9 54 1.1 61 1.2 NT 19 31.9 0 0.0 19 11.1 Qld 9 6.7 31 1.0 40 1.2 SA 2 7.4 10 0.8 12 1.0 Tas 0 0.0 4 1.0 4 0.9 Vic 0 0.0 40 1.0 40 1.0 WA 2 2.9 11 0.8 13 0.9 Australia 39 8.1 152 1.0 191 1.2 96 CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006
Tuberculosis notifications in Australia, 2004 Annual report Figure 3. Tuberculosis incidence rates by Indigenous status and country of birth, Australia, 1991 to 2004 Rate per 100,000 population 25 20 15 10 5 0 Overseas-born persons Indigenous Australians Non-indigenous Australians 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Tuberculosis notifications by age and sex One of the most important measures of TB control is the incidence in children less than 15 years of age because these cases represent recent TB infection. TB was notified in 38 children aged less than 15 years. These were 15 Australian-born non-Indigenous children and 23 children born overseas. There were no Indigenous children reported with TB in 2004. The overall notification rate for the less than 15 year age group was 0.9 cases per 100,000 population (target of less than 0.1 cases per 100,000 population for all groups). The rate was highest in overseas-born children (11.4 cases per 100,000 population) and remained low in the non Indigenous Australian-born children (0.4 cases per 100,000 population, Table 5). Table 4. Notifications of tuberculosis and estimated rate per 100,000 population for selected countries of birth, Australia, 2004 Country of birth New Relapse Total cases ERP x COB 2001* Rate per 100,000 population in Australia 2004 WHO incidence rate per 100,000 2003 † India 123 0 123 95,455 128.9 101 Viet Nam 112 2 114 154,833 73.6 114 Philippines 73 0 73 103,942 70.2 168 China ‡ 67 1 68 142,778 47.6 47 Sudan 37 0 36 17,133 210.1 NA Indonesia 26 2 28 47,156 59.4 81 Hong Kong (SAR of China) 26 0 26 67,121 38.7 80 Somalia 26 0 26 4,285 606.8 NA Papua New Guinea 20 2 22 23,618 93.1 322 Ethiopia 18 0 18 5,777 311.6 166 Malaysia 16 0 16 78,858 20.3 64 Thailand 15 0 15 23,599 63.6 87 England 14 0 14 847,365 1.7 2 New Zealand 14 0 14 355,765 3.9 3 Others 270 22 292 2,135,821 13.7 Overseas 856 29 885 4,087,928 21.7 Australia § 186 4 190 16,023,372 1.2 Total 1,042 33 1,076 20,111,300 5.4 * Country of birth for denominator is the estimated resident population (ERP) from the 2001 census. ERP totals were updated for Somalia, Sudan and Ethiopia with data from the Australian Government Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs as of November 2005 because of recognised shift of intake from these countries. † Rates from the World Health Organization 2005 Global Tuberculosis Report. ‡ China excludes Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan. § For one Australian-born case the new/relapse status was unknown. CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006 97
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