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Annual report National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2004 There were 28 cases of hepatitis E reported to NNDSS in 2004, an increase of 100 per cent on the number of cases reported in 2003. Twelve cases were reported in Victoria, eight in New South Wales, four in Queensland, three in Western Australia and one in Tasmania. The male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Cases were aged between 5 and 79 years (Figure 20). Data on countries visited were available for 26/28 cases with overseas travel and showed that 18 had travelled to India, two to Bangladesh and one each to China, Indonesia, Peru, Vietnam, Thailand and New Zealand. In 2004, 65 cases of listeriosis were reported to NNDSS, a notifi cation rate of 0.3 cases per 100,000 population. Listeriosis notifi cations have been stable at this rate since 1998. In 2004, 71 per cent of listeriosis cases were aged over 50 years, with the highest notifi cation rate in the 80–84 year age group in males and females (Figure 21). Figure 21. Notification rates of listeriosis, Australia, 2004, by age group and sex 3.5 Figure 20. Notification rates of hepatitis E, Australia, 2004, by age group and sex 7 6 5 Male Female Rate per 100,000 population 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Male Female Notifications 4 3 2 0.0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age group (years) 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ 1 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ Hepatitis E virus is transmitted enterically. In nonindustrialised countries, where sanitation is poor water-borne transmission of hepatitis E occurs, while in industrialised countries zoonotic transmission (from pigs to humans) has been recorded. In Australia, locally acquired hepatitis E was reported in the early 1990s. 5 Listeriosis Age groups (years) Case defi nitions – Listeriosis Only confirmed cases are reported. Where a mother and foetus/neonate are both confi rmed, both cases are reported. Confirmed case: Requires isolation or detection of Listeria monocytogenes from a site that is normally sterile, including foetal gastrointestinal contents. In 2004, there were seven listeriosis cases of materno-foetal origin and one foetal death was reported. 6 Health outcome for 29 cases was known, and of these, four cases all aged over 66 died. No common-source outbreaks of listeriosis were identifi ed during 2004. 6 Salmonellosis (non-typhoidal) Case defi nitions: – Salmonellosis Only confirmed cases are reported. Confirmed case: Requires isolation or detection of Salmonella species (excluding S. Typhi which is notifi ed separately under typhoid). A total of 7,607 salmonellosis cases were reported to NNDSS in 2004, a rate of 37.8 cases per 100,000 population and a 7 per cent increase from the rate reported in 2003 (35.4 cases per 100,000 population). During the fi ve year period, 1998–2003, the highest national notifi cation rate was 40 cases per 100,000 population in 2002. The Northern Territory and Queensland had notification rates 5 and 1.6 times the national notification rate, respectively (Table 3). The highest rates of notification of salmonellosis were reported in the northern part of 30 CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006
National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2004 Annual report the country (Map 2). In 2004, the Kimberley Statistical Division of Western Australia had the highest notification rate at 309 cases per 100,000 population. The same Statistical Division had a notification rate of 323 cases per 100,000 population in 2003. As in previous years, reports of salmonellosis peaked during summer (January to March) (Figure 22). Thirtyfive per cent of salmonellosis cases in 2004 had dates of onset during the first quarter of the year. As in 2003, the highest rate of notifi cation was in children aged between 0–4 years: 32 per cent of salmonellosis notifi cations were in this age group (Figure 23). Figure 23. Notification rates of salmonellosis, Australia, 2004, by age group and sex 220 Figure 22. Trends in notifications of salmonellosis, Australia, 1999 to 2004, by month of onset Notifications 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Rate per 100,000 population 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 Age group (years) 65-69 Male Female 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ 200 0 Jan 1999 Jul Jan 2000 Jul Jan 2001 Jul Jan 2002 Jul Jan 2003 Jul Jan 2004 Jul Jan 1999 Month and year of onset Map 2. Notification rates of salmonellosis, Australia, 2004, by Statistical Division of residence CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006 31
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