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Annual report Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2004 Map. Notification rates of invasive pneumococcal disease, Australia, 2004, by Statistical Division of residence The highest rates of disease were found in children aged less than 5 years (55.4 cases per 100,000 population) and adults aged 85 years or more (48.6 cases per 100,000 population). Among children aged less than 5 years, the highest rates of IPD were recorded in children aged one year (119 cases per 100,000 population). There were 472 cases in children aged less than 2 years. In all age groups there were more male than female cases (overall male to female ratio 1.4:1) There were 174 cases of IPD among Indigenous people (6.2% of all cases). This represents a rate of 35.9 cases per 100,000 population compared with a rate of 11.2 cases per 100,000 population in non-Indigenous people. The rates were highest in Indigenous people in the Northern Territory (134 cases per 100,000 population, 80 cases). Since 2001, a 7vPCV vaccination program has provided free vaccination to Indigenous children less than 2 years of age (Table 1). The disparity in the rates of IPD between Indigenous and non- Indigenous children aged under 2 years has dropped from 2.9-fold (219.2 and 74.7 cases per 100,000 population, respectively) in 2001 to parity (91.5 and 93.6 cases per 100,000 population, respectively) in 2004 (Figure 3). Figure 3. Notification rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in Indigenous and non- Indigenous children aged less than 2 years, Australia, 2001 to 2004 Rate per 100,000 population 250 200 150 100 50 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Indigenous Non-Indigenous Between 2001 and 2004, the rate of IPD in Indigenous children aged one year (12 to 23 months) fell from 294 to 84 cases per 100,000 population (34 cases in 2001 to 10 cases in 2004). Similarly, the rate of IPD in Indigenous children aged 2 years (24 to 35 months) fell from 297 to 68 cases per 100,000 population (34 cases in 2001 to 8 cases in 2004, Figure 4). 84 CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006
Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2004 Annual report Figure 4. Rates of invasive pneumococcal disease in children aged 2 years and under, 2001 to 2004, by Indigenous status and single year age group Rate per 100,000 population 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Indigenous < 1 year olds 1 year olds 2 year olds 2001 2002 2003 2004 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Non-Indigenous Enhanced surveillance including data on clinical presentation and risk factors were available on 2,023 (85%) cases. Clinical presentation was reported for 1,219 (60%) enhanced notifi cations. Of these, 672 (55%) were pneumonia, 429 (35%) were bacteraemia, 75 (6%) were meningitis and the remainder were other presentations (n=43). As in previous years there were signifi cantly larger proportion of IPD cases with pneumonia among Indigenous children aged less than 5 years (45%) compared with non-Indigenous children in the same age group (22%, p
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