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Annual report Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program, 2004-05 Ms F Morey, Mr J McLeod and members of the Microbiology Department, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs South Australia Dr A Lawrence and members of the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide Victoria Dr R Alexander and members of the Virology Department, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville Western Australia Dr K Lindsay and members of the Virology Department, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco Dr D Smith, Dr G Harnett and members of Division of Microbiology, PathWest, The Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Nedlands References 1. Parashar UD, Hummelman EG, Bresee JS, Miller MA, Glass RI. Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:565–572. 2. Carlin JB, Chondros P, Masendycz P, Bugg H, Bishop RF, Barnes GL. Rotavirus infection and rates of hospitalisation for acute gastroenteritis in young children in Australia, 1993–1996. Med J Aust 1998;169:252–256. 3. Glass RI, Bresee JS, Parashar UD, Jiang B, Gentsch J. The future of rotavirus vaccines: a major setback leads to new opportunities. Lancet 2004;363:1547–1550. 4. Kirkwood CD, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Bishop R, Barnes G. Report of Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program, 2003/2004. Commun Dis Intell 2004;28:481–485. 5. Kirkwood CD, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Clark R, Bishop RF, Barnes GL. Report of Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program, 2002/2003. Commun Dis Intell 2003;27:492–495. 6. Coulson B, Unicomb L, Pitson G, Bishop R. Simple and specifi c enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies for serotyping human rotaviruses. J Clin Microbiol 1987;25: 509–515. 7. Gouvea V, Glass RI, Woods P, Taniguchi K, Clark HF, Forrester B, et al. Polymerase chain reaction amplifi - cation and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28:276–282. 8. Masendycz P, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Palombo E, Bishop R, Barnes G. Annual report of the Rotavirus Surveillance Program, 1999/2000. Commun Dis Intell 2000;24:195–198. 9. Masendycz P, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Kirkwood C, Bishop R, Barnes G. Report of the Rotavirus Surveillance Program, 2000/2001. Commun Dis Intell 2001;25:143–146. 10. Gentsch JR, Laird AR, Biefelt B, Griffin DD, Banyau K, Ramachandran M, et al. Serotype diversity and reassortment between human and animal rotavirus strains: implications for rotavirus vaccine programs. J Infect Dis 2005;192:S146–S159. 11. Santos N, Hoshino Y. Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine. Rev Med Virol 2005;15:29–56. 12. Palombo EA, Masendycz PJ, Bugg HV, Bogdanovic- Sakran N, Barnes GL, Bishop RF. Emergence of serotype G9 human rotaviruses in Australia. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:1305–1306. 13. Kirkwood C, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Clark R, Masendycz P, Bishop R, Barnes G. Report of Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program, 2001/2002. Commun Dis Intell 2002;26:537–540. 136 CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006
Influenza Surveillance in Victoria, 2005 Annual report Influenza surveillance in Victoria, 2005 Joy L Turner,¹ James E Fielding,² Hazel J Clothier,¹ Heath A Kelly¹ Abstract Influenza activity remained within normal seasonal activity with a well-defined peak at week 29 (beginning 18 July) during the Victorian influenza season from May to September 2005. Surveillance was based on sentinel general practice influenza-like illness (ILI) notifications with laboratory confirmation, medical locum service ILI notifications and laboratory notification of influenza detections. One thousand and eighty-seven consultations for ILI were reported from 38 general practices, while medical practitioners from the locum service reported 317 consultations for ILI. The average weekly rate of ILI from sentinel surveillance was 7.3 per 1,000 consultations. Similar numbers of influenza A subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 were detected; 45 per cent of which were A/California/7/2004-like (H3), 44 per cent were A/New Caledonia/20/99-like (H1) and 11 per cent were A/Wellington/1/2004 (H3). Of the influenza B samples, 67 per cent were B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like and 33 per cent were B/Shanghai/361/2002-like. The influenza vaccine for 2005 contained: A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like virus, A/Wellington/ 1/2004(H3N2)-like virus, and B/Shanghai/361/2002-like virus. Although the predominant H3 and B circulating strains were not included in the vaccine, there was reasonable serological cross protection between vaccine and circulating strains. Commun Dis Intell 2006;30:137–143. Keywords: disease surveillance, epidemiology, infl uenza Introduction Infl uenza surveillance in Victoria is conducted by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL) and the Department of Human Services (DHS). Surveillance comprises notifi cations of laboratory confi rmed infl uenza, sentinel general practice (GP) surveillance for infl uenza-like illness (ILI) with laboratory testing of selected cases, and surveillance of ILI through the Melbourne Medical Locum Service (MMLS). The objectives of the infl uenza surveillance system are to: • monitor the epidemiology of laboratory confi rmed infl uenza in Victoria; • identify the onset, duration and magnitude of annual infl uenza seasons in Victoria; • characterise the circulating influenza strains in the community to assist in the evaluation of the current season’s and formulation of the following season’s vaccine; and • provide a role in early recognition of new infl u- enza viruses and new or emerging respiratory diseases. Laboratory confirmed influenza in Victoria is a group B notifiable disease in accordance with the Health (Infectious Diseases) Regulations 2001. This report describes the results from influenza surveillance in Victoria for 2005 and comparison with previous years. Methods General Practice Sentinel Surveillance (coordinated by VIDRL) In 2005, 74 general practitioners (GPs) from 23 metropolitan and 15 rural practices were recruited for sentinel ILI surveillance (Figures 1a and 1b), aiming to achieve a coverage of approximately one practice per 200,000 population in metropolitan Melbourne and one practice per 100,000 population in rural areas. 1 Participating GPs were provided with an incentive of Continuing Professional Development points from the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners or the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine. GPs were required to submit weekly reports on the total number of consultations; report the age, sex and vaccination status of patients presenting with ILI (defined as fever/history of feverishness, cough and fatigue/malaise); take a nose and throat swab from at least five patients with an ILI for respiratory virus testing at VIDRL; and complete an evaluation questionnaire. 1. Epidemiology Unit, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, Victoria 2. Communicable Diseases Section, Department of Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria Corresponding author: A/Professor Heath Kelly, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Locked Bag 815, Carlton South, Melbourne, VIC 3053. Telephone: +61 3 9342 2608. Facsimile: +61 3 9342 2665. Email heath.kelly@mh.org.au CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006 137
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