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Annual report National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2004 Analyses in this report were based on the date of disease onset in an attempt to estimate disease activity within the reporting period. Where the date of onset was not known however, the date of specimen collection or date of notifi cation, whichever was earliest, was used. As considerable time may have lapsed between onset and diagnosis dates for hepatitis B (unspecifi ed) and hepatitis C (unspecifi ed), for these conditions the date of diagnosis, which is the earliest of specimen, notifi cation or notifi cation received dates supplied, was used. Notifi ed cases can only represent a proportion (the ‘notifi ed fraction’) of the total incidence (Figure 1) and this has to be taken into account when interpreting NNDSS data. Moreover, the notifi ed fraction varies by disease, by jurisdiction and by time. Methods of surveillance vary between states and territories, each having different requirements for notifi cation by medical practitioners, laboratories and hospitals. Although there is a list of national notifi able diseases, some diseases are not yet notifi - able in some jurisdictions (Table 1). Changes in surveillance practices introduced in some jurisdictions and not in others are additional factors that make comparison of data across jurisdictions difficult. In this report, information obtained from states and territories on any changes in surveillance practices including screening practices, laboratory practices, and major disease control or prevention initiatives undertaken in 2004, was used to interpret data. Postcode information usually reflects the residential location of the case, but this does not necessarily represent the place where the disease was acquired. As no personal identifiers are collected in NNDSS, duplication in reporting may occur if patients move from one jurisdiction to another and were notified in both. The completeness 1 of data in this report is summarised in Appendix 3. The case’s sex was complete in 99.7 per cent of notifi cations and date of birth in 99.8 per cent of notifi cations. In 2004, nationally, Indigenous status 2 was complete in 46 per cent of notifi cations, and varied by jurisdiction. Indigenous status was complete for 92 per cent of data reported in the Northern Territory, 89 per cent in South Australia, 66 per cent in Western Australia and 52 per cent in Victoria. In the remaining jurisdictions, less than 50 per cent of data were complete for Indigenous status. Data completeness on Indigenous status also varied by disease; in notifi cations of tuberculosis (TB), Haemophilus infl uenzae type b, meningococcal disease, infectious syphilis and hepatitis A were more than 90 per cent complete for Indigenous status, while in notifi cations of other diseases such as chlamydial infection and salmonellosis, data completeness was 41 per cent. 1 Defi nition of completeness = (Number with valid data/total notifi cations x 100 2 Data completeness = (Total notifi cations – Indigenous status ‘Not stated or missing’)/total notifi cations x 100 ‘Indigenous status’ is a variable defi ned by the following values: 1=Indigenous – (Aboriginal but not Torres Strait Islander origin) 2=Indigenous – (Torres Strait Islander but not Aboriginal origin) 3=Indigenous – (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander origin) 4=Not indigenous – ( not Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander origin) 9=Not stated Blank/missing/null=No information provided Figure 1. Communicable diseases notification fraction Laboratory/ clinician notified health authority Health authoriy reports to NNDSS NOTIFIED TO NNDSS Seeks medical care Postive Clinically test result diagnosed and/or specimen obtained False negative Case not reported to NNDSS Health authority not notified NOT NOTIFIED TO NNDSS NOT NOTIFIED TO NNDSS NOT NOTIFIED TO NNDSS A person infected by organism Is ill Specimen NOT obtained Does not seek medical care NOT NOTIFIED TO NNDSS NOT NOTIFIED TO NNDSS Not ill NOT NOTIFIED TO NNDSS 12 CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006
National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2004 Annual report Table 1. Diseases notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, Australia, 2004 Disease Bloodborne diseases Hepatitis B (incident) Hepatitis B (unspecified)* Hepatitis C (incident) Hepatitis C (unspecified)*,† Hepatitis D Gastrointestinal diseases Botulism Campylobacteriosis ‡ Cryptosporidiosis Haemolytic uraemic syndrome Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Listeriosis Salmonellosis (NEC) Shigellosis SLTEC, VTEC § Typhoid Quarantinable diseases Cholera Plague Rabies Severe acute respiratory syndrome Smallpox Tularaemia Viral haemorrhagic fever Yellow fever Sexually transmissible infections Chlamydial infections (NEC) || Donovanosis Gonococcal infection Syphilis (all categories) Syphilis < 2 years duration Syphilis > 2 years or unknown duration Syphilis – congenital Vaccine preventable diseases Diphtheria Haemophilus influenzae type b Influenza (laboratory confirmed) Measles Mumps Pertussis Pneumococcal disease (invasive) Poliomyelitis Rubella Rubella – congenital Tetanus Data received from All jurisdictions All jurisdictions except NT All jurisdictions except Qld and NT All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions except NSW All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions except ACT All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions All jurisdictions CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006 13
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