PDF file - Department of Health and Ageing
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National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, 2004<br />
Annual report<br />
Map 6. Notification rates <strong>of</strong> pertussis, Australia, 2004, by Statistical Division <strong>of</strong> residence<br />
Figure 46. Notification rates <strong>of</strong> pertussis, New<br />
South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia<br />
<strong>and</strong> Australia, 1999 to 2004, by month <strong>of</strong><br />
notification<br />
A review <strong>of</strong> cough symptoms in children in Sydney<br />
has provided evidence <strong>of</strong> cases <strong>of</strong> pertussis which<br />
are not notifi ed. Clinically diagnosed pertussis was<br />
estimated to be between 5 <strong>and</strong> 20 times the notifi cation<br />
rates. 17<br />
Rate per 100,000 population<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
Jan Jul<br />
1999<br />
New South Wales<br />
South Australia<br />
Western Australia<br />
Australia<br />
Jan<br />
2000<br />
Jul<br />
Jan<br />
2001<br />
Jul<br />
Jan<br />
2002<br />
Jul<br />
Month <strong>and</strong> year<br />
Jan<br />
2003<br />
Jul<br />
Jan<br />
2004<br />
Jul<br />
Invasive pneumococcal disease<br />
Case defi nition – Invasive pneumococcal<br />
disease<br />
Only confirmed cases are notifi ed.<br />
Confirmed case: Requires isolation <strong>of</strong><br />
Streptococcus pneumoniae from a normally<br />
sterile site by culture or detection by nucleic<br />
acid testing.<br />
There were 153 cases who were identified as Indigenous<br />
(31.6 cases per 100,000 population) <strong>and</strong> 8,227<br />
who were identified as non-Indigenous (41.9 cases<br />
per 100,000 population). The Indigenous pertussis<br />
notification rate ratio for all ages was therefore 0.75,<br />
but it is important to note that previous analyses have<br />
shown that, in the age groups where the disease is<br />
most severe, there were higher rates in Indigenous<br />
compared to non-Indigenous populations. For example,<br />
in 2000–2002 the notification rate ratio for children<br />
aged 0–4 years was 1.7, <strong>and</strong> 2.6 for those aged<br />
less than one year. 12<br />
There were 2,375 notifi cations <strong>of</strong> invasive pneumococcal<br />
disease (IPD) in Australia in 2004 giving a<br />
rate <strong>of</strong> 11.8 cases per 100,000 population. While the<br />
largest number <strong>of</strong> cases were reported from New<br />
South Wales, Queensl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Victoria (Table 1), the<br />
highest rate was in the Northern Territory (47 cases<br />
per 100,000 population). The geographical distribution<br />
<strong>of</strong> IPD varied within states <strong>and</strong> territories, with<br />
the highest rates in Central <strong>and</strong> northern Australia.<br />
CDI Vol 30 No 1 2006 51