reservoir geomecanics

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180˚ 270˚ 0˚ 90˚ 180˚ 70˚ 70˚ 35˚ 35˚ 0˚ 0˚ −35˚ Method: focal mechanism breakouts drill. induced frac. overcoring hydro. fractures geol. indicators Regime: NF SS TF U Quality: A B depth interval: 0 - 25km © (2005) World Stress Map −35˚ 180˚ 270˚ 0˚ 90˚ 180˚ Figure 9.1. Directions of maximum horizontal stress from the World Stress Map data base. Colors are the same as in Figure 1.5.Again, only A and B quality data are shown. (http://www-wsm.physik.uni-karlsrohe.de/)
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Reservoir Geomechanics This interdi
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cambridge university press Cambridg
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Contents Preface page xi PART I: BA
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ix Contents More on drilling-induce
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Preface This book has its origin in
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xiii Preface done with Pavel Peska
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1 The tectonic stress field My goal
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5 The tectonic stress field chapter
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7 The tectonic stress field signifi
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9 The tectonic stress field S v Nor
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0 SEAFLOOR 2000 Depth (feet below s
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a. Stress or pressure 0 20 40 60 80
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15 The tectonic stress field The o
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17 The tectonic stress field Observ
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180˚ 216˚ 252˚ 288˚ 324˚ 64˚
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21 The tectonic stress field 121 o
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23 The tectonic stress field 62N 0
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a. Margarita Pays b. Stress state a
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2 Pore pressure at depth in sedimen
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29 Pore pressure at depth in sedime
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a. 2000 OFFSHORE TRINIDAD CENTER OF
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57 Basic constitutive laws a. ELAST
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59 Basic constitutive laws Figure 3
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61 Basic constitutive laws Linear e
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63 Basic constitutive laws Vutukuri
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65 Basic constitutive laws Elastici
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67 Basic constitutive laws a. Stres
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69 Basic constitutive laws depend o
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71 Basic constitutive laws a. 20 18
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a. Confining pressure (MPa) 30 25 2
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75 Basic constitutive laws a. Creep
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a. 30 25 Differential stress (MPa)
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79 Basic constitutive laws a. 1 0.9
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81 Basic constitutive laws where th
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83 Basic constitutive laws the b pa
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85 Rock failure in compression, ten
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s 3 = 30 s 3 = 40 97 Rock failure i
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101 Rock failure in compression, te
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a. 200 150 V p (m/s) 4000 2000 1000
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Table 4.1. Empirical relationships
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a. 600 500 Frequency (counts) 400 3
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plate-d
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a. 0 Stress or pressure 0 20 40 60
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141 Faults and fractures at depth S
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143 Faults and fractures at depth t
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145 Faults and fractures at depth c
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147 Faults and fractures at depth a
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149 Faults and fractures at depth A
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153 Faults and fractures at depth A
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157 Faults and fractures at depth w
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159 Faults and fractures at depth F
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161 Faults and fractures at depth i
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163 Faults and fractures at depth m
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6 Compressive and tensile failures
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169 Compressive and tensile failure
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. 140 a. 120 100 S hmin S Hmax R S
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a. b. c. 5400 5600 5800 6000 Depth
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Table 6.1. Quality ranking system A
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207 Determination of S 3 from mini-
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a. 2500 2 Shut-in Shut-in 2000 1.5
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8 Wellbore failure and stress deter
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237 Wellbore failure and stress det
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Page 514: 243 Wellbore failure and stress det
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Page 562: 267 Stress fields of the processes
Page 568: 270 Reservoir geomechanics subjecte
Page 572: 1 1 9 o E 8 o E 7 o E 6 o E 5 o E 4
Page 576: 274 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. 62
Page 580: 276 Reservoir geomechanics 7000 Nor
Page 584: a. 8000 Normal faulting Measured S
Page 588: 280 Reservoir geomechanics Methods
Page 592: 282 Reservoir geomechanics from 0.4
Page 596: 284 Reservoir geomechanics the meas
Page 600: 286 Reservoir geomechanics 0 Equiva
Page 604: 288 Reservoir geomechanics a. 0 500
Page 608: 290 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. S
Page 612: 292 Reservoir geomechanics A few mo
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294 Reservoir geomechanics Pressure
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296 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. 50
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Part III Applications
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302 Reservoir geomechanics The next
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304 Reservoir geomechanics a. Stabl
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306 Reservoir geomechanics to remed
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308 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. c.
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Depth (feet) 310 Reservoir geomecha
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312 Reservoir geomechanics The pred
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314 Reservoir geomechanics a. 13.22
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316 Reservoir geomechanics a. b. 70
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318 Reservoir geomechanics a. N b.
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320 Reservoir geomechanics S Hmax A
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322 Reservoir geomechanics to the a
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324 Reservoir geomechanics and S hm
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326 Reservoir geomechanics 4 P grow
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328 Reservoir geomechanics p w = s
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330 Reservoir geomechanics Figure 1
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11 Critically stressed faults and f
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342 Reservoir geomechanics a. 0.4 m
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344 Reservoir geomechanics 40 35 30
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346 Reservoir geomechanics with fau
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348 Reservoir geomechanics a. 3000
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Table 11.1. Detection of permeable
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352 Reservoir geomechanics All Plan
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a. ALL FRACTURES FROM SIT FRACTURES
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356 Reservoir geomechanics exploita
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358 Reservoir geomechanics expected
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360 Reservoir geomechanics hole, Sh
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362 Reservoir geomechanics rock wit
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364 Reservoir geomechanics a. A S H
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366 Reservoir geomechanics N EXTENT
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368 Reservoir geomechanics a. A b.
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370 Reservoir geomechanics FILL TO
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372 Reservoir geomechanics Schemati
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376 Reservoir geomechanics HIGH a.
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12 Effects of reservoir depletion A
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384 Reservoir geomechanics There ar
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386 Reservoir geomechanics
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390 Reservoir geomechanics Zoback a
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396 Reservoir geomechanics can also
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398 Reservoir geomechanics and ther
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400 Reservoir geomechanics curve is
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404 Reservoir geomechanics
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406 Reservoir geomechanics To deter
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412 Reservoir geomechanics Hagin an
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Figure 12.18. (a) Map of southern L
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418 Reservoir geomechanics along a
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References Aadnoy, B. S. (1990a).
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425 References Bourbie, T., Coussy,
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427 References Coulomb, C. A. (1773
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429 References Flemings, P. B., Stu
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431 References Hayashi, K. and Haim
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433 References Lade, P. (1977). “
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435 References Moos, D. and Zoback,
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437 References Raaen, A. M. and Bru
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439 References Tang, X. M. and Chen
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441 References Wiprut, D. and Zobac
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443 References Zoback, M. L. and a.
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446 Index critically stressed fault
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448 Index ridge push 270 RMS (root
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180˚ 216˚ 252˚ 288˚ 324˚ 64˚
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a. 70 Pressure history - Lapeyrouse
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. 140 a. 120 100 S hmin S Hmax R S
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Figure 6.4. (a) Wellbore breakouts
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a. A S Hmax A-CENTRAL FAULT HIGH RE
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a. b. Figure 6.17. The area in whic
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160 155 150 145 S Hmax (MPa) 140 13
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a. b. Tendency for breakouts Orient
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180˚ 270˚ 0˚ 90˚ 180˚ 70˚ 70
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Depth (feet) S Hmax N S hmin W S v
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Figure 10.9. (a) Probability densit
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S Hmax ABOVE THE FAULT 9 10 11 12 R
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-9 200' - 9200 ' - 9 600 ' a. LESS
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a. 0.4 m = 1.0 m = 0.6 t/S v 0.2 0
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a. 3000 S Hmax = 10N 3100 3200 Dept
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a. ALL FRACTURES FROM SIT FRACTURES
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a. A S Hmax A-CENTRAL FAULT HIGH RE
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a. A b. N N A B C B C D D E E 0 1 2
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N Vertical Displacement cm 2 N East
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