reservoir geomecanics

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449 Index washouts 184, 243 weak bedding planes and wellbore failure 198, 317, 318, 319, 320, 323 well trajectory and wellbore stability 200, 232, 235, 239, 307, 309, 310, 311, 318 wellbore breathing (see also ballooning) 219 wellbore collapse 303 wellbore failures 15, 167, 172 wellbore imaging 146 wellbore stress and stability 91, 301 western Europe 133 Wiebols and Cook Criterion 93, 100, 101 Wilmington sand 74, 80, 81, 82 World Stress Map (WSM) 16, 181, 267 Yale et al.’s compaction curve 399 Young’s modulus 57, 62, 63, 64, 109, 142 Yufutsu gas field, Japan 361 Yuubari shale 93, 103 Zoback and Healy method for estimating S hmin in active normal faulting areas 284
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Reservoir Geomechanics This interdi
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cambridge university press Cambridg
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Contents Preface page xi PART I: BA
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ix Contents More on drilling-induce
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Preface This book has its origin in
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xiii Preface done with Pavel Peska
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1 The tectonic stress field My goal
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5 The tectonic stress field chapter
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7 The tectonic stress field signifi
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9 The tectonic stress field S v Nor
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0 SEAFLOOR 2000 Depth (feet below s
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a. Stress or pressure 0 20 40 60 80
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15 The tectonic stress field The o
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17 The tectonic stress field Observ
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180˚ 216˚ 252˚ 288˚ 324˚ 64˚
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21 The tectonic stress field 121 o
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23 The tectonic stress field 62N 0
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a. Margarita Pays b. Stress state a
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2 Pore pressure at depth in sedimen
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29 Pore pressure at depth in sedime
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a. 2000 OFFSHORE TRINIDAD CENTER OF
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57 Basic constitutive laws a. ELAST
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59 Basic constitutive laws Figure 3
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61 Basic constitutive laws Linear e
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63 Basic constitutive laws Vutukuri
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65 Basic constitutive laws Elastici
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67 Basic constitutive laws a. Stres
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69 Basic constitutive laws depend o
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71 Basic constitutive laws a. 20 18
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a. Confining pressure (MPa) 30 25 2
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75 Basic constitutive laws a. Creep
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a. 30 25 Differential stress (MPa)
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79 Basic constitutive laws a. 1 0.9
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81 Basic constitutive laws where th
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83 Basic constitutive laws the b pa
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85 Rock failure in compression, ten
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s 3 = 30 s 3 = 40 97 Rock failure i
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101 Rock failure in compression, te
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a. 200 150 V p (m/s) 4000 2000 1000
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Table 4.1. Empirical relationships
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a. 600 500 Frequency (counts) 400 3
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Plate-d
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a. 0 Stress or pressure 0 20 40 60
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141 Faults and fractures at depth S
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143 Faults and fractures at depth t
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145 Faults and fractures at depth c
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147 Faults and fractures at depth a
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149 Faults and fractures at depth A
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153 Faults and fractures at depth A
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157 Faults and fractures at depth w
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159 Faults and fractures at depth F
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161 Faults and fractures at depth i
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163 Faults and fractures at depth m
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6 Compressive and tensile failures
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169 Compressive and tensile failure
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. 140 a. 120 100 S hmin S Hmax R S
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a. b. c. 5400 5600 5800 6000 Depth
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Table 6.1. Quality ranking system A
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207 Determination of S 3 from mini-
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a. 2500 2 Shut-in Shut-in 2000 1.5
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8 Wellbore failure and stress deter
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237 Wellbore failure and stress det
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Fast 259 Wellbore failure and stres
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267 Stress fields of the processes
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180˚ 270˚ 0˚ 90˚ 180˚ 70˚ 70
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271 Stress fields collision of two
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273 Stress fields and Schubert 2002
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275 Stress fields essentially perpe
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277 Stress fields 55 Normal faultin
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279 Stress fields and pore pressure
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Table 9.1. Empirical methods for es
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283 Stress fields a. 9100 b. 10000
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285 Stress fields original data com
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287 Stress fields practical importa
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289 Stress fields 0 Strike-slip fau
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291 Stress fields 0 Reverse faultin
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293 Stress fields Log data Density
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295 Stress fields 2050 2050 S hmin
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297 Stress fields depth (Figure 9.1
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10 Wellbore stability In this chapt
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303 Wellbore stability et al. 2003)
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305 Wellbore stability a. Predicted
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307 Wellbore stability a. Equivalen
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309 Wellbore stability S Hmax N S h
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311 Wellbore stability 60 80 100 12
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313 Wellbore stability a. b. c. 6.5
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315 Wellbore stability 12 10 8 6 4
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317 Wellbore stability a. b. 100 10
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319 Wellbore stability of the forma
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321 Wellbore stability part of Figu
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323 Wellbore stability a. 15.8 15.6
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325 Wellbore stability S 3 P grow P
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327 Wellbore stability pressures -
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329 Wellbore stability 90 80 70 60
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331 Wellbore stability sandstones a
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333 Wellbore stability This type of
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335 Wellbore stability Figure 10.22
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337 Wellbore stability Figure 10.24
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339 Wellbore stability and drawdown
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341 Critically stressed faults and
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a. Available test wells Observation
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Breakout orientation (N o E) 0 90 1
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SSTAVD (feet) 375 Critically stress
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379 Effects of reservoir depletion
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Figure 12.6. (a) Cartoon of a hypot
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Page 876: 424 References Baria, R., Baumgaerd
Page 880: 426 References Carmichael, R. S. (1
Page 884: 428 References Ekstrom, M. P., Daha
Page 888: 430 References Grollimund, B. R. an
Page 892: 432 References Hudson, J. A. and Pr
Page 896: 434 References Mastin, L. (1988).
Page 900: 436 References Ostermeier, R. M. (2
Page 904: 438 References 71337. SPE Annual Te
Page 908: 440 References Van Oort, E., Hale,
Page 912: 442 References Zoback, M. D., Apel,
Page 918: Index σ rr , radial stress 91, 170
Page 922: 447 Index slick-water frac’ing 36
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Page 938: a. 70 Pressure history - Lapeyrouse
Page 942: . 140 a. 120 100 S hmin S Hmax R S
Page 946: Figure 6.4. (a) Wellbore breakouts
Page 950: a. A S Hmax A-CENTRAL FAULT HIGH RE
Page 954: a. b. Figure 6.17. The area in whic
Page 958: 160 155 150 145 S Hmax (MPa) 140 13
Page 962: a. b. Tendency for breakouts Orient
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Page 970: Depth (feet) S Hmax N S hmin W S v
Page 974: Figure 10.9. (a) Probability densit
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S Hmax ABOVE THE FAULT 9 10 11 12 R
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-9 200' - 9200 ' - 9 600 ' a. LESS
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a. 0.4 m = 1.0 m = 0.6 t/S v 0.2 0
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a. 3000 S Hmax = 10N 3100 3200 Dept
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a. ALL FRACTURES FROM SIT FRACTURES
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a. A S Hmax A-CENTRAL FAULT HIGH RE
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a. A b. N N A B C B C D D E E 0 1 2
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N Vertical Displacement cm 2 N East
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