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List of Figures 10.27. General reading of balise telegrams in Staff Responsible as gCommunicationReader graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 10.28. Balise telegram structure as gTelegram graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 10.29. Available packets as gAnyPacket graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 10.30. Level transition order as gPacket graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 10.31. Stop if in Staff Responsible packet as gPacket graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 10.32. End of information packet as gPacket graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 11.1. Simulation environment data flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 11.2. Generators and artefacts for the simulation development . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 11.3. Data flow of the generation of traces for Modes and transitions . . . . . . . . 213 11.4. UML class diagram of the simulative PSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 11.5. UML deployment diagram of the simulative PSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 11.6. UML class diagram of the test environment model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 11.7. UML state machine diagram of the PSM initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 11.8. UML state machine diagram of the driver’s behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 11.9. UML state machine diagram for evaluating the data in the DMI . . . . . . . . 222 11.10. UML state machine diagram of the “Entering_Train_Data” state . . . . . . . 224 11.11. UML state machine diagram of the “Acknowledging_Level_Transition” state 225 11.12. UML state machine diagram of the EVC behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 11.13. UML state machine diagram of the “Moving_in_Unfitted” state . . . . . . . . 229 11.14. UML state machine diagram of the “Moving_in_Staff_Responsible” state . . 231 11.15. UML state machine diagram of the “Stopped_in_Post_Trip” state . . . . . . 233 A.1. A possible transformation from GOPPRR to MOF using redefinitions of associations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 xviii
1Introduction In this chapter, the objectives of this dissertation are introduced. Furthermore, its main contributions are emphasised and explained in detail. Afterwards, the delimitation from already existing, related work is introduced. This chapter terminates with a summary about the structure of this document. 1.1. Objectives This dissertation investigates the potential of model-based design and verification and validation of safety-critical control systems in presence of re-usable open source software. Railway control systems are used here as application domain, specifically the European Train Control System (ETCS) [23]. This topic is highly relevant from an industrial and also from a research perspective because manufacturers of complex safety-critical control systems, especially in the avionic and in the railway domains, currently perform a change of strategy regarding the development of software core components. In the past, this was completely under responsibility of the supplier of the embedded controller. Since system integrators, like German Railways, always use several suppliers for each component in order to avoid single-source situations, this led to similar software components being redundantly developed by different suppliers and resulted in costs that were no longer acceptable. As a consequence, today’s strategy is to manage a “pool” of core algorithms for crucial control algorithms to be re-used by every supplier on its proprietary hardware platform. There is already a general consent that this pool should not just consist of software code but instead of system (component) models, so that platform-specific code can be generated following the model-based development paradigm by extending, specializing, instantiating, and transforming these models. This new strategy leads to a number of interesting challenges for research activities in the fields of system modelling, operating systems, and embedded systems verification and are analysed in the context of this dissertation project. The overall research process of this dissertation is graphically summarised in Figure 1.1, which shows the interconnection of the main research objectives. It should be noted that the order in the research process does not correspond directly to the order of topics or rather chapters in this document, which additionally will be explained in Section 1.4. 1
Page 1: Open Source Software for Train Cont
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4.6. Tool Chain where artefacts are
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4.7. Conclusion External Artefacts
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Part II. Dependability 55
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Chapter 5. Verification and Validat
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Part III. openETCS Case Study 77
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Chapter 10. openETCS Model The purp
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Chapter 10. openETCS Model 10.3.3.
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Chapter 10. openETCS Model be expla
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Chapter 10. openETCS Model 10.4.4.
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11 openETCS Simulation Generally, a
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11.3. Simulation Model Figure 11.6.
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11.3. Simulation Model 11.3.2. CDMI
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11.3. Simulation Model sets the Boo
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11.3. Simulation Model Entering_Dri
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11.3. Simulation Model Figure 11.13
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11.6. Conclusion about warnings, fa
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Chapter 12. Conclusion and Outlook
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Part IV. Appendix 241
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Appendix A. GOPPRR to MOF Transform
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Appendix B. openETCS Meta Model Con
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DopenETCS Domain Framework D.1. Dom
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D.2. Domain Framework Source Code 8
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D.3. Domain Framework Model 32 m_pT
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Appendix E. openETCS Generator 39 <
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Appendix E. openETCS Generator 200
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Appendix E. openETCS Generator 46 4
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FMetaEdit+ Generators F.1. GOPPRR X
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GopenETCS Unit Testing G.1. Unit Te
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Appendix H. openETCS Simulation 14
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Glossary ANTLR ANother Tool for Lan
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Glossary EVC An European Vital Comp
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Glossary OEM An original equipment
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Glossary XML The Extensible Markup
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Bibliography [12] “EN 50128 - Rai
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Bibliography [39] ——, ““Ope
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Bibliography [69] T. J. Parr and R.
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Index Artefact, 51 Automatic train
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Index Linux, 149 Memory management,
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