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Chapter 3. Domain-Specific Modelling all XSD elements are in the name space xs and must be prefixed by xs:. The first statement in line 1 starts with the definition of an XML element named class, which corresponds to line 1 of the XML example in Figure 3.10. Line 2 defines a class as a complex type, which means it may consist of more elements and may have attributes. Line 3 declares that the element class has an attribute name, which is a string (see line 1 in Figure 3.10). Lines 3 to 27 are a sequence of elements in the declared class, which also can be complex and holds more elements or attributes and so on. Of course, the example only demonstrates a small set of the possibilities in XSD. Figure 3.12 shows how the DSM architecture instances are generally related for XML and XSD. XSD instantiates XML instantiates Model instantiates Code Figure 3.12.: XML/XSD DSM instances 3.1.4. Backus-Naur Form The Backus-Naur Form (BNF) [48] is a meta syntax to describe context-free textual grammars. BNFs are widely spread for the definition of programming language grammars, but it can be also used to define a DSLs. Generally, a BNF consists of a set of rules with the following syntax: ::= __expression__ A is called a non-terminal and __expression__ consists of one or more sequences of symbols. Several sequences can be separated by a | indicating that each sequence can be chosen for definition. Symbols that never appear on the left side of a rule are called terminals. A BNF must be interpreted in a recursive way: Each non-terminal in a rule on the right side of ::= must be replaced by its definition while choosing one of by | separated sequences, until the right side of a rule only consists of terminals. Figure 3.13 shows the BNF syntax as BNF. and are here the only terminals and should be replaced by the rules literal name or literal text. 30
3.1. Meta Meta Models ::= | ::= "" "::=" ::= " " | "" ::= | " | " ::= "\n" | ::= | ::= < l i t e r a l > | "" < l i t e r a l > ::= ’ " ’ ’ " ’ | " ’" " ’" Figure 3.13.: BNF syntax defined as BNF To define a new DSL, a corresponding syntax has to be defined by a BNF and certain models in the new DSL have to comply to the grammar. Figure 3.14 shows how the BNF instances integrate in a DSM architecture. BNF instantiates Grammar instantiates Model instantiates Code Figure 3.14.: BNF DSM instances The Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) is a small extension for the BNF that mainly adds possibilities to define optional or repetitive elements. Those can only be defined in a simple BNF by recursion, which causes more complex BNF statements. 3.1.5. Graph, Object, Property, Role, and Relationship Graph, Object, Property, Role, and Relationship (GOPRR) [45, app. A] consists mainly of the elements its name mentions. It was designed for the easy and fast development of graphical meta models and models. Generally, all elements in GOPRR are divided in two groups: Properties and non-properties while all non-properties can have properties. Figure 3.15 shows the relation of all elements. The possible types of properties do not have to be limited in GOPRR. Nevertheless, in practical 31
Page 1: Open Source Software for Train Cont
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11 openETCS Simulation Generally, a
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Chapter 12. Conclusion and Outlook
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Part IV. Appendix 241
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Appendix A. GOPPRR to MOF Transform
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Appendix B. openETCS Meta Model Con
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DopenETCS Domain Framework D.1. Dom
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D.2. Domain Framework Source Code 8
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FMetaEdit+ Generators F.1. GOPPRR X
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GopenETCS Unit Testing G.1. Unit Te
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Glossary ANTLR ANother Tool for Lan
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Glossary EVC An European Vital Comp
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Glossary OEM An original equipment
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Glossary XML The Extensible Markup
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Bibliography [12] “EN 50128 - Rai
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Bibliography [39] ——, ““Ope
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Bibliography [69] T. J. Parr and R.
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Index Artefact, 51 Automatic train
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Index Linux, 149 Memory management,
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