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Chapter 2. Concepts for Safe Railway Operation and Control • cross border interoperability • improvement of the safety of national and international train traffic • improvement of international passengers and freight train traffic management • shorter headway on heavily trafficked lines by driving on moving block, enabling exploitation of maximum track capacity • the possibility of step-by-step introduction of the new technology • enabling Pan-European competition between the manufacturers of ETCS components, strengthening the position of the European railway industry on the world market • enabling preconditions for future harmonisation in other areas of rail traffic management Not all of these advantages are technical, but they are also political and economical. While this work only focuses on technical aspects, also those advantages must be seen more critical. The improvement in certain countries heavily depends on the existing ATP systems, which have to be discussed in detail to decide about gained benefits by ETCS. ETCS monitors, as most ATP systems, certain parameters: • local maximum speed • maximum speed of the train • correctness of train’s tracks • train’s movement direction • suitability of train for current track • compliance with special operating instructions For this task several hardware components in the infrastructure and rolling stock are used [84, pp. 6-8]: Eurobalise Euroloop Radio-Infill Euroradio STM Local limited data transfer facilities in the rails. It is differentiated between Eurobalises that transfer fixed data and those that transfer dynamic data. The functionality is similar to a transponder because the data is only transferred when a train passes an Eurobalise. Cable-based semi-continuous data transfer facility, which is located in track bed. Radio based semi-continuous data transfer facility, which uses GSM-R. Standard for data transfer encryption, which is used for GSM-R. The Specific Transmission Module is a component that can connect the ETCS on-board device with national systems. Each National system needs a certain STM. 14
2.2. European Train Control System ETCS vehicle on-board devices Devices on the train are mainly an European Vital Computer (EVC), a Driver Machine Interface (DMI), a distance measurement device 5 , a GSM-R transmitting device / Euroradio, a reader for Eurobalises, and an access device to the brake systems. STMs are optional. Most of those already exist and do not have to be developed especially for ETCS. Therefore, the development primary focuses on the software-side of railway systems. Figure 2.1 shows the (simplified) architecture [84, p. 8] of ETCS for track and train. The focus is on the Train Track Odometer Brakes Euroloop Euroloop Reader EVC DMI Driver Eurobalise Eurobalise Reader STM National System Euroradio Euroradio Figure 2.1.: ETCS architecture of track and train (simplified) communication and the data flow between the components of track and train. The integration of a control centre is omitted for simplification. The following sections introduce some central parts for the train operation under ETCS. 2.2.2. Application Levels The ETCS Application Levels were introduced to distinguish between different safety requirements. ETCS Level 0 is the lowest and 3 the highest. The ETCS Application Level describes, which components from Subsection 2.2.1 are available / used in the rail track and in the train. Trains are downwards compatible but tracks are not [84]. 2.2.2.1. Level 0 In this Level, no ETCS track-side components are available. The train conductor only uses the conventional signal and signs [67]. The ETCS on-board equipment only supervises the static maximum speed of the train and the track [84, pp. 11-12]. 5 also called: odometer 15
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Chapter 12. Conclusion and Outlook
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Part IV. Appendix 241
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Appendix A. GOPPRR to MOF Transform
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DopenETCS Domain Framework D.1. Dom
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FMetaEdit+ Generators F.1. GOPPRR X
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Glossary ANTLR ANother Tool for Lan
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Glossary EVC An European Vital Comp
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Glossary OEM An original equipment
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Glossary XML The Extensible Markup
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Bibliography [12] “EN 50128 - Rai
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Bibliography [39] ——, ““Ope
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Bibliography [69] T. J. Parr and R.
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Index Artefact, 51 Automatic train
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Index Linux, 149 Memory management,
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