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Chapter 4. The GOPPRR Meta Meta Model – An Extension of GOPRR 4.5.6. Limitations Although the direct usage of the GOPPRR C++ abstract syntax model provides better possibilities to define static semantics [46, pp. 69-70], as it is available within the MetaEdit+ application and its concrete syntax model, specific limitations cannot be resolved because the XML file used as intermediate model is generated by MERL. Therefore, information that is not accessible or visible by MERL cannot be exported to the XML file and accordingly cannot be included in the GOPPRR C++ abstract syntax model. This results in the following limitations: • The most remarkable limitation is the absence of sub- or supertypes. This means if “Parent” is an object super type, “Child” is a subtype in the meta model, a concrete model would have an instance A of “Parent”, and an instance B of “Child” the constraint inv : o b j e c t s −>s e l e c t (m_Type = ’ Parent ’ )−>s i z e ( ) = 2 would not be fulfilled because m_Type = ’Parent’ only matches A. • As already stated in Section 4.2, OCL cannot be used to check constraints for a meta model without a concrete model instance. 4.5.7. Conclusion The examples for certain constraints show that general constraints are very simple to be defined by the OCL combined with the GOPPRR C++ abstract syntax model. The statement complexity increases if constraints need the navigation through the GOPPRR bindings in graphs. The reason is that the transformation from the MetaEdit+ internal GOPRR model to the GOPPRR C++ abstract syntax model does not transform the navigation on GOPRR / GOPPRR bindings into associations between classes. This was reasoned in Section 4.2. Also, OCL only provides navigation through classes by their associations. Thus, OCL statements have to use the classes for bindings, connection, and calls for navigation, which causes longer and complexer statements. In spite of this disadvantage, the following advantages of using OCL for GOPPRR prevail: • The syntax is already well-defined and -documented as specified in [63]. • It is already widely used and known in the field of model-driven software development with UML. • It is based on MOF, the UML meta meta model. This reasons the adoption of OCL as constraint language in this work. 4.6. Tool Chain To integrate all elements introduced in this chapter in the development cycle of open source software for dependable train control systems, a tool chain must be established. In a modeldriven architecture (MDA), those elements are generators and artefacts [46]. Generators can only be connected with artefacts and vice versa. The resulting graph is shown in Figure 4.5 50
4.6. Tool Chain where artefacts are represented by small boxes, generators by small ellipses, and applications by big boxes surrounding a set of artefacts and generators. All elements are explained in detail below and are grouped by applications. To better distinguish between element properties, the MetaEdit+ GOPRR MetaEdit+ Workbench openETCS Meta Model GOPPRR Concrete Syntax Meta Model MetaEdit+ Modeller openETCS Model openETCS Concrete Syntax Model GOPPRR Generator (MERL) GOPPRR XML File OCL File openETCS Generator GOPPRR Transformer GOPPRR Abstract Syntax Model C++ Generator Build Generator VM Generator Constraint Checker Source Code Build Configuration VM Configuration File(s) Constraint Report Figure 4.5.: Tool chain for dependable open source software for openETCS following abbreviations are used: G generator A artefact (generation not specified) AF fully generated artefact AM manually 7 generated artefact MetaEdit+ All elements within this box are located in and managed by the MetaEdit+ application. Artefacts, output by MetaEdit+, are outside the box. 7 in the meaning of human interaction 51
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Open Source Software for Train Cont
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Datum des Promotionskolloquiums: 21
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Acknowledgments I would like to tha
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Abstract This document describes th
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Contents 3.3.3. Rascal . . . . . .
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Contents 8.4. Behavioural Design .
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Contents D.3. Domain Framework Mode
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11 openETCS Simulation Generally, a
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11.6. Conclusion about warnings, fa
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Chapter 12. Conclusion and Outlook
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Part IV. Appendix 241
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Appendix A. GOPPRR to MOF Transform
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Appendix B. openETCS Meta Model Con
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DopenETCS Domain Framework D.1. Dom
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D.2. Domain Framework Source Code 8
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D.3. Domain Framework Model 32 m_pT
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Appendix E. openETCS Generator 39 <
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Appendix E. openETCS Generator 200
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Appendix E. openETCS Generator 46 4
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FMetaEdit+ Generators F.1. GOPPRR X
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GopenETCS Unit Testing G.1. Unit Te
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Appendix H. openETCS Simulation 14
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Glossary ANTLR ANother Tool for Lan
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Glossary EVC An European Vital Comp
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Glossary OEM An original equipment
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Glossary XML The Extensible Markup
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Bibliography [12] “EN 50128 - Rai
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Bibliography [39] ——, ““Ope
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Bibliography [69] T. J. Parr and R.
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Index Artefact, 51 Automatic train
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Index Linux, 149 Memory management,
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