Medianet Reference Guide - Cisco

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Cisco Network Analysis Module Chapter 6 Medianet Management and Visibility Design Considerations The output from this traceroute was obtained from the network shown in Figure 6-24. Figure 6-24 Test Network Used for Traceroute Example CTS-1000 10.24.1.11/24 VLAN 241 10.24.1.1/24 CTS-1000 10.26.1.11/24 VLAN 261 10.26.1.1/24 10.17.100.37/30 me-westcamp-1 me-westcore-3 me-westcore-4 10.17.100.17/30 10.17.100.21/30 10.17.100.25/30 10.17.100.29/30 Layer 3 Infrastructure me-westcore-1 me-westcore-2 10.17.100.89/30 10.17.101.10/30 me-w-dcserv-1 me-westdc7k-1 VDC #1 VDC #2 10.17.100.94/30 me-westdc7k-2 10.17.101.13/30 me-w-dcserv-2 Layer 2 Infrastructure me-westdc5k-1 Nexus 2000 10.17.1.20/24 me-westdc5k-2 me-westctms-1 Route #1 Route #2 228435 As can be seen from Example 6-10 and Figure 6-24, the first traceroute is run using the source interface VLAN 241 on switch me-westcamp-1, which has IP address 10.24.1.1. The output is Route #1: from me-westcamp-1 to me-westdist-3 to me-westcore-1 to me-westdc7k-2 (VDC #1) to me-westdcserv-2 back to me-westdc7k-2 (VDC #2) and finally to me-westctms-1. The second traceroute is run using the source interface VLAN 261 on switch me-westcamp-1, which has IP address 10.26.1.11. The output is Route #2: from me-westcamp-1 to me-westdist-3 to me-westcore-2 to me-westdc7k-2 (VDC #1) to me-westdcserv-2 back to me-westdc7k-2 (VDC #2) and finally to me-westctms-1. Note that the devices greyed out in Figure 6-22 do not show up at all within the output of either traceroute command. These include any Layer 2 devices as well as some Layer 3 devices, and also the actual Cisco TelePresence System endpoints, because the traceroute is initiated from the switches. The two traceroutes follow different routes through the redundant network infrastructure. This is because Cisco Express Forwarding 6-40 Medianet Reference Guide OL-22201-01
Chapter 6 Medianet Management and Visibility Design Considerations Cisco Network Analysis Module switching, which itself is based on IP routing protocols, by default load balances sessions based on a hash of the source and destination IP address, when equal-cost paths exist. Therefore, different source and destination address pairs may yield different routes through an equal-cost redundant path network infrastructure. Cisco Express Forwarding switching can be configured for per-packet load balancing. However, this is not recommended because it can result in out-of-order packets for voice and video media. Therefore, you may not be able to tell from the traceroute utility alone whether the route returned through the network is the actual route taken by the video media, because the source IP address of the video endpoint is different than that used for the traceroute utility on the router or switch. Ideally, if traceroute can be run on the video endpoint itself, the actual route followed by the media through the network infrastructure can more easily be determined. However, most video endpoints such as Cisco TelePresence endpoints, Cisco IP video surveillance cameras, and Cisco digital media players (DMPs) do not currently support the traceroute utility. On some switch platforms, such as Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series platforms, the show ip cef exact-route command may be used to determine the actual route taken by the media flow of interest. An example of the output using the actual source IP address of a TelePresence CTS-1000, 10.24.1.11, and the destination IP address of the Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Switch, 10.17.1.20, is shown in Example 6-11. Example 6-11 Example Output from show ip cef exact-route Command me-westdist-3>show ip cef exact-route 10.24.1.11 10.17.1.20 10.24.1.11 -> 10.17.1.20 : GigabitEthernet1/1 (next hop 10.17.100.29) As can be seen, the actual route take by the video and audio streams from the CTS-1000 follows Route #2 from me-westdist-3 to me-westcore-2 within this hop, and not Route #1 from me-westdist-3 to me-westcore-1. The same command can be run on all the switches in the path that support the command to determine the actual route of the video flow in question. When the initial switch, from which the traceroute utility is run, has equal-cost paths to the first hop along the path to the destination, the output becomes somewhat undeterministic. This is because traceroute packets generated by the switch are CPU-generated, and therefore process-switched packets. These do not follow the Cisco Express Forwarding tables within the switch that generated them. Instead, the switch round-robins the multiple UDP packets generated, each with a given TTL value, out to each next hop with equal cost to the destination. The result is that only some of the hops corresponding to equal-cost paths appear in the traceroute output. However, the list of the actual hops returned by the traceroute depends on the Cisco Express Forwarding tables of the downstream switches and routers. An example of this behavior is shown in Example 6-12 and Figure 6-25. Example 6-12 Example Output from Traceroute on a Switch with Redundant Paths me-westcamp-1#traceroute Protocol [ip]: Target IP address: 10.17.1.20 Source address: 10.24.1.1 Numeric display [n]: yes Timeout in seconds [3]: Probe count [3]: Minimum Time to Live [1]: Maximum Time to Live [30]: Port Number [33434]: Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbose[none]: Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 10.17.1.20 1 10.17.100.37 0 msec 10.17.100.42 0 msec OL-22201-01 Medianet Reference Guide 6-41
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About the Authors Solution Authors
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Contents Application Intelligence a
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Contents The Globalization of the W
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Contents NetFlow Collector Consider
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Business Drivers for Media Applicat
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Business Drivers for Media Applicat
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An Introduction to Securing a Media
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Medianet Reference Guide - Cisco

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