Medianet Reference Guide - Cisco

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Related Documents Chapter 1 Medianet Architecture Overview http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns340/ns394/ns158/networking_solutions_packages_list.html • Telepresence Solutions http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns669/networking_solutions_solution_segment_home.html • Unified Communications Solutions http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns340/ns394/ns165/ns152/networking_solutions_package.htm l • Wide Area Application Services Solutions http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5680/Products_Sub_Category_Home.html 1-38 Medianet Reference Guide OL-22201-01
CHAPTER 2 Medianet Bandwidth and Scalability This chapter discusses the bandwidth requirements for different types of video on the network, as well as scalability techniques that allow additional capacity to be added to the network. Bandwidth Requirements Video is the ultimate communications tool. People naturally use visual clues to help interpret the spoken word. Facial expression, hand gestures, and other clues form a large portion of the messaging that is normal conversation. This information is lost on traditional voice-only networks. If enough of this visual information can be effectively transported across the network, potential productivity gains can be realized. However, if the video is restricted by bandwidth constraints, much of the visual information is lost. In the case of video conferencing, the user community does not significantly reduce travel. In the case of video surveillance, small distinguishing features may be lost. Digital media systems do not produce engaging content that draws in viewers. In each case, the objectives that motivated the video deployment cannot be met if the video is restricted by bandwidth limitations. Quantifying the amount of bandwidth that a video stream consumes is a bit more difficult than other applications. Specifying an attribute in terms of bits per second is not sufficient. The per-second requirements result from other more stringent requirements. To fully understand the bandwidth requirements, the packet distribution must be fully understood. This is covered in Chapter 1, “Medianet Architecture Overview,”and briefly revisited here. The following video attributes affect how much bandwidth is consumed: • Resolution—The number of rows and columns in a given frame of video in terms of pixel count. Often resolution is specified as the number of rows. Row counts of 720 or greater are generally accepted as high definition (HD) video. The number of columns can be derived from the number of rows by using the aspect ratio of the video. Most often HD uses an aspect ratio of 16:9, meaning 16 columns for every 9 rows. As an example, a resolution of 720 and an aspect ratio of 16:9 gives a screen dimension of 1280 x 720 pixels. The same 720 resolution at a common 4:3 aspect ratio gives a screen dimension of 960 x 720 pixels. Resolution has a significant effect on bandwidth requirements as well as the productivity gains of video on the network. Resolution is a second-degree term when considering network load. If the aspect ratio is held at 16:9 and the resolution is increased from 720 to 1080, the number of pixels per frame jumps from 921,600 to 2,073,600, which is significant. If the change is in terms of percent, a 50 percent increase in resolution results in a 125 percent increase in pixel count. Resolution is also a key factor influencing the microburst characteristics of video. A microburst results when an encoded frame of video is sliced into packets and placed on the outbound queue of the encoder network interface card (NIC). This is discussed in more detail later in this chapter. OL-22201-01 Medianet Reference Guide 2-1
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