MGNREGA_SAMEEKSHA
MGNREGA_SAMEEKSHA
MGNREGA_SAMEEKSHA
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Bibliography 95<br />
be an issue in Andhra Pradesh, largely because of these reasons. They also find evidence of complementarity between NREGP<br />
and the PDS, implying that the real income transfer through food subsidy needs supplementation.<br />
Johnson, D., How do Caste, Gender and Party Affiliation of Locally Elected Leaders Affect Implementation of NREGA?,<br />
Working Paper 33, Chennai: Institute of Financial Management and Research (IFMC), 2009.<br />
Abstract: The paper estimates the impact of the caste, gender, and party affiliation of locally elected leaders on implementation<br />
of NREGA, in Andhra Pradesh. While, for most castes, the study finds a modest increase in participation by members of the<br />
same caste of the leader in the programme, the study finds no impact on a broad range of other programme outcomes or<br />
any effect of reservations for women. The results suggest that NREGA in AP may be less susceptible to capture than other<br />
government programmes.<br />
Johnson, D., ‘Can Workfare Serve as a Substitute for Weather Insurance? The Case of NREGA in Andhra Pradesh’,<br />
Working Paper 32, Chennai: Institute of Financial Management and Research (IFMC), 2009.<br />
Abstract: The rural poor in developing countries have great difficulty in coping with adverse weather. In theory, workfare<br />
programmes may serve as an important mechanism for allowing households to deal with the effects of weather related<br />
shocks. If participation in a workfare programme is sufficiently flexible, households in a village which suffers bad weather<br />
may compensate for the loss of income by increasing their participation in the programme. If participation in a workfare<br />
programme is not sufficiently flexible due to, for example, caps on overall participation at the local level, then the programme<br />
will not allow households to compensate for the effects of a weather shock.<br />
The author evaluates whether the NREGA allowed households in one state to mitigate the effects of weather induced income<br />
shocks by looking at whether participation in the Scheme is responsive to changes in rainfall. The study finds that NREGA<br />
did allow households to mitigate the effects of weather induced income shocks. While it is unable to precisely identify the<br />
relationship between changes in income and participation in NREGA, it shows that the relationship is strong enough to be<br />
practically significant.<br />
JPMorgan, Wages in Rural India Accelerated Sharply Post-NREGA, 2011, Retrieved from India Equity Research: http://<br />
indiaer.blogspot.in/2011/10/india-rural-wages-surge-to-support.html, accessed on 15 June 2012.<br />
Abstract: A comprehensive time series of rural wage date, both agricultural and non-agricultural, put together by the Ministry<br />
of Statistics and Program Implementation indicates that the advent of NREGA has resulted in a significant structural break in<br />
rural wage inflation. Between 1999 and 2005, pre-NREGA, nominal wages in the rural economy grew at an average annual<br />
rate of 2.7 per cent year on year average (oya). Post-NREGA, average wage inflation almost quadrupled to 9.7 per cent oya<br />
between 2006 and 2009.<br />
Between January 2010 and May 2011 (the last date for which this data is available) annual nominal wage growth averaged<br />
almost 20 per cent (18.8 per cent oya). But even these averages are misleading, because nominal wages have shown a sharp and<br />
secular acceleration over the preceding 18 months, with wage inflation reaching almost 22 per cent by May 2011. While the<br />
increase in wages in 2011 is, in part, likely a result of NREGA wages being indexed, a sharp acceleration of wages was evident<br />
through most of 2010—even before indexation was announced or came into effect. As a result, indexation in 2011 has simply<br />
exacerbated this phenomenon.<br />
Kajale, J., and S. Shroff, ‘Impact of NREGA on Wage Rates, Food Security, and Rural Urban Migration in Maharashtra’,<br />
Report Submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture, Pune: Gokhale Instute of Politics and Economics, Agro-economic<br />
Research Centre, 2011.<br />
Abstract: The study makes an assessment of <strong>MGNREGA</strong> with respect to the extent of employment generation, wage differentials,<br />
rural to urban migration, asset creation, determinants of participation and implementation in five districts of Maharashtra.<br />
The report indicates that the State has not been ablle to show satisfactory performance in terms of employment generated and<br />
assets created. However, in places where it was implemented well, there has been a positive impact on food security, reducing<br />
poverty and out-migration.<br />
Kareemulla, K., S. K. Reddy, C. A. Rao, S. Kumar, and B. Venkateswarlu, ‘Soil and Water Conservation Works through<br />
National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in Andhra Pradesh—An Analysis of Livelihood Impact’,<br />
Agricultural Economics Research Review, vol. 22, 2009, pp. 443–50.