MGNREGA_SAMEEKSHA

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Bibliography This Bibliography lists studies and their abstracts reviewed and referenced in the MGNREGA Sameeksha. The list primarily consists of major studies that have been published from 2008 (two years after the implementation of the Act) and are specifically on MGNREGA. Several of these studies have been conducted as part of the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India’s own initiative, the Professional Institutional Network (PIN). The PIN was set up in collaboration with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to conduct independent evaluations and assessments of MGNREGA across States. Under the PIN, impact assessments, appraisals and research were conducted by Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), agriculture universities, thinktanks, civil society organisations and other professional institutes. Action for Food Production (AFPRO), ‘Infrastructure Development and Beyond: Exploring the Scope for Sustainable Livelihood Support under NREGA’, Report submitted to the Ministry of Rural Development/UNDP, New Delhi: AFPRO, 2009. Abstract: Recognising the need to learn from work carried out in MGNREGA and its effectiveness for sustainable livelihood support at the community level, AFPRO carried out a study in Chainpur Block, District Gumla, Jharkhand. An assessment was done of 37 works in 28 villages and 10 Gram Panchayats (GP) in Chainpur block. Works covered included—ponds, wells, roads, check dams, earthen bunds, land leveling sites and guard walls. Works were selected on a random basis from different years of MGNREGA implementaiton since 2006. Areas for improvement at village-level were related to effective participation of villagers/beneficiaries in the decision-making process, selection of need-based Schemes, and increasing the ownership of infrastructure created under the Scheme. The need to give priority to selection of smaller structures for soil and water conservation has also been highlighted in the recommendations. Giving better tools to workers, orientation of functionaries, coordination among line departments, etc. are some of the other measures suggested. Aiyar, Y., and S. Samji, ‘Guaranteeing Good Governance: Understanding the Effectiveness of Accountability in NREGA’, in NREGA: Design, Process and Impact, Ministry of Rural Development, New Delhi: Government of India, 2009. Abstract: This study documents social audits in Andhra Pradesh and the state’s experience in institutionalising these audits into the implementation of the MGNREGA. It draws on empirical work aimed at measuring effectiveness of social audits conducted between March and December 2007.
80 Bibliography Ambasta, P., ‘MGNREGA and Rural Governance Reform: Growth and Inclusion through Panchayats’, Paper for International Conference on Dynamics of Rural Transformation in Emerging Economies’, Planning Commission, Government of India and Institute for Human Development, India, 14–16 April 2010. Abstract: The Constitutional 73rd Amendment Act and the establishment of a local governance system in India through three-tier Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) has marked a new chapter in the history of democratic decentralisation in India. The vision behind this has been that these local government institutions will be the pivots fostering inclusion in an era of high economic growth. This study argues that the challenges of inclusion are formidable and the articulation of this vision has been hampered by an ineffective devolution of funds, functions and functionaries to the PRIs. In this context, it examines the experience of the MGNREGA to see how its outcomes have fallen short of its potential due to inadequate support structures at the grassroots. It then attempts to spell out a blueprint of reforms that are needed for MGNREGA to realise its true potential. Since funds to PRIs are not so much of an issue after MGNREGA, functionaries are the real bottleneck, which must be taken care of by re-visioning the cutting edge of implementation of the Act. The study also examines in detail the deployment of Information Technology (IT) for MGNREGA and suggests how it can be strengthened. It proposes that to ensure proper monitoring, evaluation, deployment of human resources and their development, IT innovations, and for grievance redress, a national authority for MGNREGA is needed to anchor and support implementation. It further argues that while such support and resource deployment are necessary conditions, rural development and the empowerment of the poor cannot happen through techno-managerial provisioning alone but need grassroots mobilisation. In the tasks of mobilisation and support to GSs and PRIs for making MGNREGA more effective, civil society has a role to play and this role needs to be mainstreamed. Such reforms in MGNREGA can effectively transform governance at the grassroots and also empower rural communities. Over time such reforms can become the way forward for all interventions targeting the rural poor. Ambasta, P., P. S. Vijay Shankar, and M. Shah, ‘Two Years of NREGA: The Road Ahead’, Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 43, no. 8, 23 February 2008. Abstract: It is not possible to realise the massive potential of the MGNREGA if we deploy the same ossified structure of implementation that has deeply institutionalised corruption, inefficiency and non-accountability, into the very fabric of Indian democracy. On the other hand, if the reforms suggested in this study are put into place, the MGNREGA holds out the prospect of transforming the livelihoods of the poorest of the poor and heralding a revolution in rural governance in India. Administrative Staff College of India (ASCI), ‘Quick Appraisal of NREGA in Andhra Pradesh’, Report submitted to the Ministry of Rural Development/UNDP, Hyderabad: ASCI, 2009. Abstract: ASCI conducted a study to understand MGNREGA’s processes, procedures and impact. The study was oriented towards identifying good practices that could be upscaled for strengthening the programme. Research was undertaken in six blocks of three districts—Anantpur, Adilabad and Guntur of Andhra Pradesh.The positive findings of the study included, increase in groundwater in Anantpur as a result of the assets created, improved agricultural yields across all three districts and reduction in migration. The study also showed the problems the programme faced including delays in wage payment and poor quality of assets. Azam, M., ‘The Impact of Indian Job Guarantee Scheme on Labour Market Outcomes: Evidence from A Natural Experiment’, 10 October 2011, available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1941959. Abstract: Public works programmes, aimed at building a strong social safety net through redistribution of wealth and generation of meaningful employment, are becoming increasingly popular in developing countries. The NREGA, enacted in August 2005, is one such programme. This paper assesses causal impacts (Intent-to-Treat) of NREGA on public works participation, labour force participation, and real wages of casual workers by exploiting its phased implementation across Indian districts. Using nationally representative data from the National Sample Surveys (NSS) and Difference-in-Difference framework, the author finds that there is a strong gender dimension to the impacts of NREGA: it has a positive impact on the labour force participation and this impact is mainly driven by a much sharper impact on female labour force participation. Similarly, NREGA has a significant positive impact on the wages of female casual workers/real wages of female casual workers increased 8 per cent more in NREGA districts compared with the increase experienced in non-NREGA districts. However, the impact of NREGA on wages of casual male workers has only been marginal (about 1 per cent). Using data from the pre-NREGA period, the authors also performed falsification exercises to demonstrate that the main conclusions are not confounded by pre-existing differential trends between NREGA and non-NREGA districts.
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MGNREGA Sameeksha ‘I will give yo
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MGNREGA Sameeksha An Anthology of R
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Contents List of Tables, Figures an
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Tables, Figures and Boxes Tables A:
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Foreword I In his famous talisman,
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Foreword xi There has been public c
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Abbreviations ADS AEO APL APO ATM B
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Abbreviations xvii RTI SAU SBI SC S
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2 MGNREGA Sameeksha Coverage The Ac
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4 MGNREGA Sameeksha Table A An Over
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6 MGNREGA Sameeksha per capita expe
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8 MGNREGA Sameeksha has had an impa
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10 MGNREGA Sameeksha Figure 1.1 Nom
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12 MGNREGA Sameeksha Line (APL) pop
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14 MGNREGA Sameeksha Box 1.1 MGNREG
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16 MGNREGA Sameeksha Micro-level da
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18 MGNREGA Sameeksha 2 Gender and S
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20 MGNREGA Sameeksha Scheme logisti
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22 MGNREGA Sameeksha male workers.
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24 MGNREGA Sameeksha the importance
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26 MGNREGA Sameeksha women need to
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