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The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide trained in closed-cycle production processes. Companies are required to form eco-teams of employees who are encouraged to formulate theoretical programs and modifications specific to their companies. These are reported to the training program group as well as to the public. An ECOPROFIT III project that involves an auditing process based on the European Eco-Audit standard will soon be established. New targets will be defined after each phase. Approximately 40 projects with firms of different sizes have been carried out or are ongoing. The participating companies vary in size from very small companies having no more than six employees, to those with 1,000 employees, and include printers, breweries, vehicle repair garages, dry cleaners, hospitals, building contractors, mechanical engineering firms, a battery production and a wire coating company, a food (sausage) production company, and the municipal public transit authority. Results Project follow-up indicates that there has been an overall reduction of more than 50 percent in the generation of toxic and solid wastes from participating companies. In some garages the reductions are as high as 82 percent. Halogenated and oil-containing materials have been completely eliminated from the participating garages (100% reduction) and solvents have been reduced by 50 percent or more. The material efficiency of enameling (spray painting) has increased by 91 percent in some cases. Overall costs have been reduced by as much as 60 percent. Specific improvements were achieved through better environmental management, including improved housekeeping, changes in material selections, and the implementation of new technologies and process modifications. For example, in the vehicle repair garages, a high volume/low pressure spraying technique reduced the overspray by 25 percent. In printing enterprises, mixing inks in gravure printing cut down on hazardous wastes. Chemical inputs in reproduction processes were reduced by as much as 70 percent. Changing material selection was also effective. Toxic halogenated degreasing agents were replaced with waterbased cold dip degreasers in garages resulting in a 50 percent reduction in solvent emissions. Waterbased paints were selected wherever possible for printing enterprises and resulted in a reduction of 80-90 percent in solvent emissions. Oil-based offset cleaners were replaced with less volatile vegetable oil cleaners and in-bulk purchasing of inks reduced the generation of empty containers by 50 percent. The results of the program, including evidence of reduced production inputs, wastes, emissions, and costs attributable to the new low- and non-waste processes, were tabulated and distributed through a public information campaign. The municipal administration feels that these measures are proving to be more effective than regulations, and that there is now better cooperation with companies. In addition, the program is producing useful environmental data. The companies report financial savings, higher productivity, improved relations with the municipal administration, and an improved public image. The Technical University of Graz benefits from the practical nature of the research project, improved education through the case study approach, and better job prospects for graduating students. The project does not aim to financially support the efforts of specific companies. Rather, it places an emphasis on successful results that are of general applicability. ECOPROFIT is a continuing effort by the City of Graz to generate local examples of waste minimization projects that are successful both in terms of economy and ecology. Through this ongoing project the City of Graz is proving that pollution prevention pays. Contacts Dr. Karl Niederl Department of Environmental Protection City of Graz Griesgasse 11, A-8020 Graz, Austria Tel.: +43 316/872,4300 Fax: +43 316/872,4309 Dr. Hans Schnitzer University of Technology http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/448-2/ (128 of 180)18/10/2010 12:47:23 AM
The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide Inffeldgasse 25,A-8010 Graz, Austria Tel.: +43 316/873,7461 Fax: +43 316/873,7469 e-mail: schnitzer@glvt.tu-graz.ac.at References Niederl, Karl and Hans Schnitzer. Cleaner Production in a City Based Project. City of Graz: Department of Environmental Protection, May 1994. Schnitzer, Hans et al. The Cleaner Production Approach to Sustainability in Austria. Graz University of Technology. Graz, Austria: May 1994. Niederl, K. and H. Schnitzer. ECOPROFIT— An Ecological Project for Integrated Environmental Technology by the City of Graz. Graz, Austria: Office for Environmental Protection, November 1991. Niederl, K. and H. Schnitzer. Economical and Ecological Evaluation of ECOPROFIT. Proceedings of a NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)/CCMS (Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society) Workshop on Pollution Prevention Strategies for Sustainable Development, held in Graz in April 1993. Editor, US Environmental Protection Agency, Pollution Prevention Research Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. 5.5.4 CASE #16 OTTAWA, CANADA MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION PROCESS Program Name The Municipal Environmental Evaluation Process (MEEP) Background During the development of the city of Ottawa’s new Official Plan (1988-91), the community was pressuring the municipality to be environmentally accountable in their decision making. As a result, Ottawa’s new Official Plan (1991) includes an Environmental Management Chapter that sets out a number of objectives and policies to guide the city towards environmentally sustainable urban development. An integral part of the Environmental Management Chapter is the concept of municipal environmental evaluation as a tool to assess the impact of planning and land use activities on the natural environment. The approved Official Plan introduced specific policies to better define a Municipal Environmental Evaluation Process (MEEP). The Department of Engineering and Works, Environmental Management Branch, began work on the development of the MEEP in May 1991, with the approval of the draft procedures and guidelines by City Council in August 1992. The draft procedures were developed in conjunction with many agencies, including city staff from various departments, the National Capital Commission, the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, the Federal Environmental Assessment and Review Office, the Ministry of Environment http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/448-2/ (129 of 180)18/10/2010 12:47:23 AM
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