The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide - Democrats Against UN ...

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The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide The sustainable development planning approach presented in this Guide combines the principles and methods of corporate, environmental and community-based planning to create a public-sector, strategic planning approach that reflects the imperatives of sustainable development. 1.3 The Elements of Sustainable Development Planning 1.3.1 INTRODUCTION The scope of municipal planning and management is traditionally constrained by a variety of factors, including: political jurisdiction; limits in legislative or constitutional authority; the professional standards of key management disciplines; technology; and financial resources. While these constraints focus the municipal planning task, they also prevent methodical and routine consideration of many social, economic, and environmental developments that are outside the municipal purview (e.g., national infrastructure projects, land markets, labor legislation, terms of trade). As the impacts of these developments increase (e.g., population migration, depletion of water resources, loss of industries, youth unemployment), the lack of methodical consideration of such impacts in municipal planning can severely undermine the performance of municipal service systems and related infrastructure. The purpose of sustainable development planning is to broaden the scope of factors considered in municipal planning and decision making within the context of the legal, technical, and financial constraints upon municipal activities. The sustainable development planning approach presented in this Guide combines the principles and methods of corporate, community-based, and environmental planning to create a public-sector, strategic planning approach that reflects the imperatives of sustainable development. Strategic planning has been used extensively in the private sector to provide corporations and businesses with long-term visions and goals, and short-term action plans to achieve these goals. Strategic planning is seen as a means to rally the collective resources of a firm around specific strategies designed to increase the firm’s competitive advantage in the arena where it is active. Community-based planning has been used extensively in the development field to engage local residents and service users in participatory processes to develop and implement local service projects and programs. Environmental planning, with its different assessment methods, was developed in the 1970s to ensure that development projects take environmental conditions and trends into consideration, and that the managers of such projects identify and take measures to mitigate the specific environmental impacts of a development activity. As a hybrid of these three planning traditions, sustainable development planning makes use of the different planning methods and tools of each tradition in assisting communities to: • equally factor economic, community, and environmental conditions into the design of development projects and service strategies; • fully engage relevant interest groups and, in particular, service users in the development of service strategies that meet their needs; and • create service strategies that can be sustained because they focus on underlying systemic problems rather than problem symptoms, and because they consider long-term trends and constraints. As such, sustainable development planning is a proactive process that allows the local government and its partners to support and engage the intellectual, physical, and economic resources of residents to chart a course toward a desired future. Although there is no single ‘correct’ way to engage in sustainable development planning, the following elements are proposed in creating a suitable local planning process. These elements are represented in Figure 2. http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/448-2/ (14 of 180)18/10/2010 12:47:23 AM
The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide Sustainable development planning is a proactive process that allows the local government and its partners to support and engage the intellectual, physical, and economic resources of residents to chart a course toward a desired future. 1.3.2 PARTNERSHIPS Sustainable development planning engages residents, key institutional partners, and interest groups, often known as “stakeholders,” in designing and implementing action plans. Planning is carried out collectively among these groups. It is organized so as to represent the desires, values, and ideals of the various stakeholders within the community, particularly local service users. There is remarkable variation in the types of FIGURE 2 THE ELEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PLANNING http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/448-2/ (15 of 180)18/10/2010 12:47:23 AM
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The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide - Democrats Against UN ...

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