The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide - Democrats Against UN ...

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The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide Source: Metropolitan Toronto Council These figures use materials flow analysis or “balancing” to technically illustrate the “energy systems” of two cold-climate municipalities, Helsinki, Finland, and Toronto, Canada. Each analysis determines the sources of energy, the different uses of energy, the processes of energy use, and the different types of energy waste in each municipality. Through such analysis the total efficiency of each energy system can be calculated. The major sources of waste or inefficiency can be identified so that the energy system can be modified to make use of these resources and become more economically and environmentally sustainable. A comparison of the two municipalities reveals that Helsinki significantly improved its efficiency by using the waste heat that is produced by local coal power plants to warm 90% of the buildings and homes in Helsinki. Further analysis has demonstrated that Helsinki’s energy system was able to achieve its overall level of 68% efficiency because the city’s compact land-use pattern made investments in energy-saving infrastructure, such as district heating and public transit, economically viable. http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/448-2/ (54 of 180)18/10/2010 12:47:23 AM
The Local Agenda 21 Planning Guide Source: Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council industry, and transportation—is presented at the bottom of the figure. The findings of this technical assessment allow managers in Helsinki to identify and then address waste and inefficiencies in the energy system to make it more sustainable. This figure shows that the Helsinki Metropolitan Area has vastly improved the efficiency of its energy system by using waste heat from the electricity generation process in the city’s district heating system. The technical methods used in systems analysis require access to extensive, detailed data, a high-level of technical expertise, computer equipment, and considerable time. Although they can provide invaluable information, they may not yet be appropriate or effective for community-based planning in most cities and towns. Nevertheless, the concept of systems is still indispensable to successful planning for sustainability. For this reason, a participatory planning exercise called “service issues mapping” and a participant assessment method called “networked assessment” are recommended in sustainable development planning. Service Issues Mapping Systems analysis begins with a common understanding of the system that is being addressed, the issues confronting that system, and how it can be sustained. Service issues mapping is an exercise which combines concepts of systems analysis with simple communitybased mapping techniques. Mapping has been used in the field of development planning over the past decades as a tool for engaging local residents in sharing and discussing information about their local conditions. The mapping process creates a “map” to guide and focus group analysis of issues and problems. Maps can be constructed by a group for a physical area, a neighborhood, family relations, a series of issues, or a natural, built, or service system. Service issues mapping is a group brainstorming and analysis technique to help stakeholders identify the full range of issues that must be considered in order to address a single priority service issue. In addition, the tool is useful to identify the different stakeholders who need to be involved in the performance of a more comprehensive assessment of a service issue: “networked assessment.” The steps used in a service issues mapping exercise are presented in Worksheet 2. In a small group setting, stakeholders from different sectoral and issue backgrounds work together to analyze the relationships among a priority service issue and the other issues facing their community. The facilitator of the exercise uses the Worksheet to list the issues that are identified by the stakeholders as being connected to the solution of the priority service issue. These “connecting issues” are then presented to participant and technical assessment teams to be addressed during their assessment exercises. WORKSHEET 2 SERVICE ISSUES MAP http://www.idrc.ca/openebooks/448-2/ (55 of 180)18/10/2010 12:47:23 AM
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