Preventive Action for Refugee Producing Situations

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16 responsibilities as chairman of the 1987/88 Fellows while writing the dissertation, as well as to my fellow Fellows for our enlightening debates; to UNHCR, for granting me the necessary leave; and, last but not least, to the University of Hannover, for awarding me the "Graduierten Förderung," a doctoral grant. For any errors in fact or judgment, I alone am, of course, responsible. Luise Drüke CONTENTS Part I "Initiatives and Actions: A Historical Perspective" 1. Introduction 1.1. Political Context 21 1.2. General Outline 28 1.3. Research Design 41 2: Empirical Examination: Actions with Potentials to Prevent Refugee-Producing Situations 43 2.1. Past Initiatives 43 2.1.1. UN Group to Avert Refugee Flows 46 2.1.2. Human Rights and Mass Exoduses 49 2.1.3. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 52 2.2. Current Projects 54 2.2.1. Refugee Policy Group 55 2.2.2. Research and Collection of Information 61 2.2.3. Independent Bureau for Humanitarian Issues 66 3: Analytical Discussion: Analysis of Refugee Causes and Selected Examples 71 3.1. Factors Producing Refugee Flows 71 3.1.1. Social Change and Refugees 71 3.1.1.1. Flight, Tolerable Price to Death? 73 3.1.1.2. Make Flight a Viable Option 74 3.1.1.3. Refugees - Political 'Pawns'? 76 3.1.2. Selected Examples 77 3.1.2.1. The ODP, the 1979 and 1989 Meeting and the CPA 78 3.1.2.2. Nicaraguan Refugees in Honduras and CIREFCA 107 3.1.2.3. Uprooting People in the Vietnam War 126
18 Part II "New Approaches and their Legal Justification" 4: New Approaches and Policies 143 4.1 International Conflicts and Refugees 143 4.1.1. UN Conflict Prevention: Experience and Prospects 145 4.1.2. New Department for Humanitarian Affairs 176 4.1.3. Country of Origin Information and Preventive Protection of UNHCR 179 Appendices Memoranda of Understanding (Vietnam & UNHCR) 241 Interviews conducted for the thesis 244 G.A. Resolutions extending UNHCR's Mandate 246 Selected Bibliography 249 19 5: Legal Justification 191 5.1. Objection of States 191 5.2. Rebuttal of States' Objection 195 5.3. Legal Basis for Preventive Action 203 6: Concluding Remarks 223 Tables UNHCR Statistics on Refugee Population 226 List of States Party to the 1951 UN Convention and/or the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 227 UNHCR 's Refugee Statistics 229 Refugees in Honduras 230 Refugees during the Vietnam War 232 Figure The Structure of the United Nations 234 Institutional Mechanisms for Refugees 235 UNHCR Expenditures for Refugees (1967-91) 236 U.N. Bodies dealing with Human Rights 237 Growth of NGO's Compared with IGO's 248 Maps Refugee Locations, Mosquitia of Honduras 239 Refugee Locations, Southeast & East Asia 240
Page 1 and 2: Luise Drüke Preventive Action for
Page 3 and 4: European University Studies Europä
Page 5 and 6: Foreword It is a pleasure to welcom
Page 7 and 8: 10 office. The Under Secretary-Gene
Page 9: 14 origin information work, with a
Page 13 and 14: 22 Chapter 1 the consequences inste
Page 15 and 16: 26 Chapter 1 [To] call upon member
Page 17 and 18: 30 Chapter 1 20 million according t
Page 19 and 20: 34 Chapter 1 Introduction 35 abroad
Page 21 and 22: 38 Chapter 1 Consideration of Commu
Page 23 and 24: 42 Chapter 1 grassroots efforts in
Page 25 and 26: 46 Chapter 2 international interven
Page 27 and 28: 50 Chapter 2 In 1981, the U.N. Comm
Page 29 and 30: 54 Chapter 2 Prof. Theodoor van Bov
Page 31 and 32: 58 Chapter 2 producing conflicts ta
Page 33 and 34: 62 Chapter 2 in order to arrive at
Page 35 and 36: 66 Chapter 2 UNHCR to provide detai
Page 37 and 38: 70 Chapter 2 rientation of foreign
Page 39 and 40: 74 Chapter 3 This has happened in V
Page 41 and 42: 78 Chapter 3 3.1.2.1. The OOP (Orde
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Page 45 and 46: 86 Chapter 3 Principal pull factors
Page 47 and 48: 90 Chapter 3 These and the general
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118 Chapter 3 We understand from Pr
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122 Chapter 3 which has encouraged
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126 Chapter 3 comprehensive fact-fi
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130 Chapter 3 This program turned a
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134 Chapters 600,000 people to be r
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138 Chapters where they were held.
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CHAPTER 4 New Approaches and Polici
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146 Chapter 4 dependent on the poli
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150 Chapter 4 From the point of vie
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monitoring of factors related to po
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158 Chapter 4 The first such operat
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162 Chapter 4 Estimated cost for 12
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166 Chapter 4 c) Peace-enforcement:
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170 Chapter 4 The main source of fu
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174 Chapter 4 advance mission of mi
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178 Chapter 4 Secondly, the United
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182 Chapter 4 scenarios of new refu
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186 Chapter 4 for devising ways on
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190 Chapter 4 In the midst of the h
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194 Chapter 5 spring, the objection
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198 Chapter 5 52. Definition of pro
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202 Chapter 5 suggest that the prin
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206 Chapter 5 North, no massive ref
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210 Chapter 5 1) 1945-1977: Standar
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214 Chapter 5 Secretary-General to
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218 Chapters rights and to make con
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Concluding remarks 1 Chapter 6 223
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226 UNHCR Statistics on Refugee Pop
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230 REFUGIADOS BA.JO MANDATO DEL AC
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1) Estimated non-registered refugee
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236 ANNEX IV UNBCR EXPENDITURE 1967
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240 2 Appendices 241 Memorandum of
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244 Appendices Interviews conducted
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248 Appendices UN UN tumees, wherec
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252 Selected Bibliography San Remo:
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256 Selected Bibliography Selected
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260 Selected Bibliography MORRIS, G
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264 Selected Bibliography with Regi
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268 Selected Bibliography .........
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272 Selected Bibliography -—----
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This book provides an empirical ana
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