Making Targeted Sanctions Effective - Small Arms Survey

PART IV: TARGETING THE TARGET | 93
• Poor implementation by Member States, particularly key states, actors
and entities.
• Targeted actors are likely to utilize a range of strategies before and
after sanctions are implemented including:
1. Use of intermediaries, front companies and organizations to
evade sanctions;
2. Making representations to third countries seeking assistance
with sanctions evasion;
3. Justifying their evasion of sanctions on human rights
grounds, which may or may not be substantiated;
4. Using propaganda and/or media campaigns to make arguments
justifying their evasion of sanctions and objections to
sanctions.
• Member States may be reluctant to implement mandated sanctions
if they are seen to be overly broad, or to conflict with country-specific
legal rights of their citizens/residents, such as free speech (affects
bans on representation), right to asylum (affects bans on residence),
or economic and social rights (affects financial sanctions).
• The value of inducements and positive measures is overlooked as
means of promoting compliance in the target country and cooperation
from third states.
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The issue of targeting is a matter that affects the sanctions regime
throughout the entire operation. There are distinct stages or phases,
however, and in the following these are used to organize the recommendations.
Sanctions move from an initial phase of preparations,
sometimes including feasibility studies or other preparatory work:
the Planning Phase. The Member States then take on the responsi-
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Planning
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Operations
Figure 1.
Phases in Targeting
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Follow-up
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