Making Targeted Sanctions Effective - Small Arms Survey

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§ 164 § 165 § 166 § 167 THE STOCKHOLM PROCESS | 68 makers in UN fora may find this section useful as an indication of what is required of national-level implementation if sanctions are to be effective in achieving Security Council objectives. Building on the Interlaken and Bonn-Berlin processes, this section summarizes “best practices” for the implementation of the range of targeted sanctions imposed by the Security Council. <strong>Sanctions</strong> may be “targeted” in two senses. First, sanctions may be targeted upon persons. <strong>Targeted</strong> financial sanctions and travel bans are “targeted” in this sense. Second, sanctions may target specific sectors of economic activities or commodities. Aviation bans, arms embargoes and controls imposed on the trade in rough diamonds and timber are “targeted” in this regard. This section assesses both types of targeted sanctions on five different dimensions of implementation. First, states and their regulatory authorities must have the domestic legal authority to implement targeted sanctions. While there are different approaches to providing a legal basis for the implementation of targeted sanctions at the national level, the adoption of a legal framework – a model law or its functional equivalent – giving legal effect under domestic law to resolutions passed by the UN Security Council would serve as a straightforward and efficient way to achieve this objective. However, primary legislation is in itself insufficient to implement Security Council decisions; States must take the necessary steps to promulgate regulatory or administrative measures for effective implementation at the national level. Second, states must designate an administrative agency or agencies (central contact points) to be responsible for the various tasks required in implementing targeted sanctions at the national level. The effective performance of these tasks relies upon information received from the UN and from missions to the UN. In designating administering agencies, states should ensure as a matter of priority that communication at all levels – between the UN and Member States, between UN missions and capitals, and within the capitals (among those responsible for implementation) is effective.
§ 168 § 169 § 170 § 171 PART III: SUPPORTING MEMBER STATE CAPACITY | 69 Third, domestic administrative agencies must disseminate information about the sanctions to domestic actors. This will most likely consist of general public information as well as information specifically targeted to key actors within domestic society that are called upon to implement sanctions (such as banks, airlines, importers, etc.). Fourth, a program for monitoring the implementation of sanctions is required to ensure compliance and the effectiveness of the sanctions. Finally, the enforcement of sanctions requires that breaches be pursued, with penalties sufficient to deter circumvention. Beyond these five elements, this section identifies “sector-specific” measures for best practice national-level implementation. Given that the guidance offered here is in the form of a checklist of critical elements in implementation, sources of further information are identified. These include references to relevant regional and international agreements, relevant intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, and relevant web sites to provide context and expertise useful for the more effective implementation of UN targeted sanctions.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | i Making Target
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THE STOCKHOLM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PRO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | v portant that
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | vii er evasion
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PREFACE | ix supp
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THE STOCKHOLM CONTENTS PROCESS | 1
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CONTENTS | 3 RECOMMENDATIONS Box 8.
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CONTENTS | 5 12. Recommendations to
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Part I: Choosing Targeted Sanctions
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PART I: CHOOSING TARGETED SANCTIONS
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PART I: CHOOSING TARGETED SANCTIONS
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PART II: MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE
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§ 20 PART II: MEASURES TO STRENGTH
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PART IV: TARGETING THE TARGET | 119
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THE STOCKHOLM PARTICIPANTS PROCESS
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Mikael Eriksson Cecile Mballa Eyeng
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Osvaldo Marsico Nicole Martin-Dispa
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Joakim Vaverka Natalia Veremko Anth
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THE STOCKHOLM PROCESS INDEX | 143 I
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INDEX | 145 Global Witness 214 good
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T Taliban 38 targeted actor (defini
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Making Targeted Sanctions Effective - Small Arms Survey

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