Making Targeted Sanctions Effective - Small Arms Survey

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THE STOCKHOLM PROCESS | 70 RECOMMENDED NATIONAL MEASURES Arms Embargoes § 172 § 173 § 174 § 175 Legal Framework ° Ensure existing legislation is adequate to implement the full range of measures (e.g. export, follow-up export, re-export, licensing and transit restrictions) that may be imposed by a Security Council resolution: give effect to resolutions through regulatory or administrative action. ° Develop administrative measures for the registration, licensing and monitoring of arms brokers (for example, by maintaining national lists of brokers convicted of offenses related to arms embargoes); the establishment of a list of controlled goods prohibited by the embargo; the establishment of catch-all clauses for goods not covered by national lists of controlled goods; the seizure prohibited goods and the funds used or intended for use in illegal arms transactions; the criminal prosecution of those who breach an arms embargo and; the authentication and reconciliation of end-use certificates. Administering Agency ° Consider how best to employ existing expertise and dedicate resources to the development and maintenance of knowledge on targeted sanctions. ° Designate an official body or bodies to administer sanctions, such as import and export administration agencies or Customs; ensure cooperation between these agencies by designating a lead department and facilitate intra-governmental coordination. ° Ensure effective communication at all levels – between the UN and Member States, between UN missions and capitals, and within the capitals (among those responsible for implementation). Information Dissemination ° Inform the public through notices in official journals and through the use of media and information technology. ° Inform key actors, such as arms producers, distributors and brokers. ° Share information (including records of arms production and surpluses) and intelligence among government departments and between governments to identify suspect shipments, destinations, transit routes and brokers. Monitoring Compliance ° Establish procedures for licensing and certification of end-users, including delivery verification.
PART III: SUPPORTING MEMBER STATE CAPACITY | 71 § 176 § 177 § 178 § 179 § 180 ° Promote the adoption of codes of conduct for arms suppliers, such as those set out by regional and sub-regional organizations. ° Maintain a “black list” of groups and individuals engaged in the illegal manufacture, trade, stockpiling, transfer, possession, transportation, insurance and financing for acquisition, of illicit weapons, and ensure that those convicted of offenses cannot operate. ° Utilize ports of entry (land, sea and air) as opportunities to monitor transfers. Enforcement ° Specify in legislation that breach of an embargo may result in criminal prosecution. ° Impose penalties, including criminal penalties, appropriate to deter violations. Sector-Specific Measures ° Trace and verify arms shipments that are at possible risk of being diverted. Relevant Regional and International Agreements ° Report of the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, July 2001 (A/CONF. 192/15). ° Protocol on the Control of Firearms, Ammunition and Other Related Materials in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Region, 14 Aug. 2001. ° Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Material, 14 Nov. 1997. ° European Union Code of Conduct for Arms Exports, 8 June 1998. ° OSCE Document on Small Arms and Light Weapons, 24 Nov. 2000. Relevant IGOs and NGOs ° WCO (www.wcoomd.org) ° The Wassenaar Arrangement (www.wassenaar.org) Other Relevant Websites ° Bonn International Center for Conversion (www.smartsanctions.de) ° Small Arms Survey (www.smallarmssurvey.org) ° British American Security Information Council (www.basicint.org) ° Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (www.sipri.se) ° The Fund for Peace (www.fundforpeace.org) International Action Network on Small Arms (www.iansa.org) °
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | i Making Target
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THE STOCKHOLM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PRO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | v portant that
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | vii er evasion
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PREFACE | ix supp
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THE STOCKHOLM CONTENTS PROCESS | 1
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CONTENTS | 3 RECOMMENDATIONS Box 8.
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CONTENTS | 5 12. Recommendations to
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Part I: Choosing Targeted Sanctions
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PART I: CHOOSING TARGETED SANCTIONS
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PART I: CHOOSING TARGETED SANCTIONS
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PART II: MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE
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§ 20 PART II: MEASURES TO STRENGTH
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§ 24 PART II: MEASURES TO STRENGTH
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PART IV: TARGETING THE TARGET | 121
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§ 384 § 385 § 386 § 387 Targete
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§ 395 § 396 § 397 § 398 § 399
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§ 417 § 418 § 419 § 420 § 421
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THE STOCKHOLM PARTICIPANTS PROCESS
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Mikael Eriksson Cecile Mballa Eyeng
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Osvaldo Marsico Nicole Martin-Dispa
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Joakim Vaverka Natalia Veremko Anth
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THE STOCKHOLM PROCESS INDEX | 143 I
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INDEX | 145 Global Witness 214 good
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T Taliban 38 targeted actor (defini
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