Making Targeted Sanctions Effective - Small Arms Survey

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§ 366 § 367 § 368 § 369 ● Recommendations for Improving Travel Bans: The Follow-Up Phase THE STOCKHOLM PROCESS | 118 Technical Assistance ° The Security Council should meet with the World Customs Organization, IATA, and immigration officials to encourage them to provide technical assistance to key implementing States for monitoring travel bans. ° Offer training programs for officials in key fields of sanctions implementation. Flexible and Dynamic Response ° Develop means of rapid inquiry when questions arise regarding the identities of individuals and entities on the list and be prepared to instantly update lists accordingly. ° Consider field visits and bilateral meetings by Security Council members with key states to ensure full implementation. ° Include detailed and frequently updated information identifying the targets on the list on the relevant UN websites and in official publications. (B) ° Monitor whether targeted actors shift to other forms of transportation. Positive Measures, Communication ° Inform the media internationally and locally of the purpose and scope of the sanctions, emphasizing that it affects only specific individuals. Delisting ° For credible sanctions it is necessary to have a high degree of preparedness to remove listed individuals from travel ban lists in light of new information on their behavior and political affiliations. ●
PART IV: TARGETING THE TARGET | 119 § 370 § 371 § 372 Aviation Sanctions Aviation sanctions (as a form of transportation sanctions) often aim to reduce the easy access to international contacts for particular actors, or groups of actors. International legitimacy may be gained through making or receiving visits. International travel is also necessary for financial dealings in which targeted actors may be engaged. By identifying typical travel routes and blocking such routes, international pressure is made obvious to the actors. Aviation sanctions may also take the form of grounding specific airlines or freezing aeronautical finance resources. In cases where all transportation from a particular country is blocked as a result of sanctions, the effects are likely to be similar to those resulting from the imposition of sanctions on the nation as a whole. Targeted states may close their air space in retaliation for the imposition of sanctions. A number of other travelers will be affected, and such effects must be assessed in terms of their economic and humanitarian impact. General issues related to aviation sanctions and how they can be handled on the level of the UN Security Council have been discussed in the Bonn-Berlin Report, and are referred to below in parentheses (B). When focusing on sanctions evasion there are some particular problems in aviation sanctions that need to be addressed throughout the sanctions regime. In the following, some issues of concern are addressed and guidelines are suggested for their handling, depending on the stage of sanctions implementation. The national authorities who are most important to implementation of aviation sanctions are those that regulate access to air space and airport operators. International cooperation focuses on the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and regional cooperative arrangements. Typical Problems in Implementing Aviation Sanctions The recent uses of aviation sanctions have illustrated some pertinent problems:
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | i Making Target
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THE STOCKHOLM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PRO
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | v portant that
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | vii er evasion
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PREFACE | ix supp
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THE STOCKHOLM CONTENTS PROCESS | 1
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CONTENTS | 3 RECOMMENDATIONS Box 8.
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CONTENTS | 5 12. Recommendations to
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Part I: Choosing Targeted Sanctions
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PART I: CHOOSING TARGETED SANCTIONS
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PART I: CHOOSING TARGETED SANCTIONS
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PART II: MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN THE
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° ° ° PART II: MEASURES TO STREN
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PART III: SUPPORTING MEMBER STATE C
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§ 158 PART III: SUPPORTING MEMBER
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Page 153 and 154: THE STOCKHOLM PROCESS INDEX | 143 I
Page 155 and 156: INDEX | 145 Global Witness 214 good
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