Ground-water development in East St. Louis area, Illinois. Urbana, IL ...

Table 6 (Continued)
Sand, very coarse to coarse, with
granule gravel, pinkish cast,
abundant pink-stained quartz
grains, subangular to subrounded
grains
Sand, medium, well sorted, pink,
subrounded to subangular grains,
abundant pink feldspar
*From Bergstrom and Walker (1956)
Thickness
(ft)
15
5
Depth
(ft)
110
115
ies from silty loam to clay and is generally 2 to 3 feet
thick. The subsoil is not well developed. The permeability
and surface drainage is generally slow; the permeability
of Newart silt loam is moderate.
Riley fine sandy loam covers much of the area near
Monsanto, Cahokia, and Centreville. It is a light brown,
fine sandy loam 8 to 10 inches thick. The subsurface is
a loamy fine sand 8 to 12 inches thick, and the subsoil
is a fine sandy loam with occasional clay lenses. Surface
drainage is moderate to rapid and permeability is moderately
rapid.
Drury fine sandy loam is a brownish yellow to yellowish
silt loam to very fine sandy loam and is variable in
thickness. It extends along the bluff in strips varying in
width from a few feet to several miles. The subsurface
is a silt loam to sandy loam about 3 feet thick. The subsoil
is not well developed. Surface drainage is rapid and
permeability is moderately rapid.
The soils in the East St. Louis area in Madison County
have not been divided into soil types. According to Mc-
Kenzie and Fehrenbacher (1961) bottomland soils predominate;
however, silty terrace soils extend in a narrow
strip along the bluffs just south of Cahokia Creek to the
Madison-St. Clair County line, and in an area that extends
from just south of Wood River southeast through
Roxana and terminates a few miles southeast of Roxana.
Sandy terrace soils extend in a strip a few miles wide
from East Alton to Wood River and in a narrow strip
southeast of Poag to about 3 miles northwest of Glen Carbon
; sandy terrace soils also occur in an area southeast of
Roxana.
The bottomland soils in Madison County exhibit a
wide range of characteristics similar to those of the soil
types in St. Clair County. The silty terrace and sandy
terrace soils have moderately good to good drainage and
moderately rapid to rapid permeability.
coarser alluvium and valley-train deposits; water in these
deposits is under artesian pressure. Under leaky artesian
conditions, water levels in wells rise above the top of the
valley-train and coarse alluvium deposits to stages within
the finer grained alluvium. Water-table conditions prevail
at many places where alluvium is missing and the
upper surface of the zone of saturation is in valley-train
deposits or the coarser alluvium, and at places within
deep cones of depression created by heavy pumping where
water levels in wells rise to stages within the valley-train
deposits or the coarser alluvium and water is unconfined.
As shown in figure 8, leaky artesian conditions prevail
in most of the area. Water-table conditions prevail in
a wide belt from East Alton through Poag where alluvium
is missing and heavy pumping in the vicinity of Wood
River has lowered water levels below the base of the finer
grained alluvium. Water-table conditions also prevail in:
1) the Monsanto and National City areas where heavy
pumping has lowered water levels to stages within the
valley-train deposits and coarser alluvium; 2) an area
Occurrence of Ground Water
Ground water in the valley fill occurs under leaky artesian
and water-table conditions. Leaky artesian conditions
exist at places where fine-grained alluvium, consisting
of silt and clay with some fine sand that impedes
or retards the vertical movement of water, overlies
Figure 8.
Location of areas where water-table conditions prevail
11