Ground-water development in East St. Louis area, Illinois. Urbana, IL ...

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Figure 62. Areas of diversion in November 1961 Figure 63. Areas of diversion in December 1956 Areas of diversion of pumping centers in November 1961 are shown in figure 62. The boundaries of areas of diversion delimit areas within which the general movement of ground water is toward production wells. The area (59 sq mi) north and east of Granite City and south of Wood River and a larger area south of Prairie Du Pont Creek through Dupo and south along the Mississippi River were outside areas of diversion. As shown in figure 63, the area north of Granite City outside areas of diversion was much smaller, covering about 30 sq mi, in December 1956. Pumpage in the Granite City area was 30.1 mgd in 1956 and 8.8 mgd in 1961. Most of the coefficient of transmissibility of the valley fill deposits can be attributed to the coarse alluvial and valley-train sand and gravel encountered in the lower part of the valley fill. The thickness of the medium sand and coarser alluvial and valley-train deposits was determined from logs of wells and is shown in figure 64. The thickness of the coarse alluvial and valley-train sand and gravel exceeds 60 feet in an area south of Alton along the Mississippi River, in an area near Wood River, in places along the Chain of Rocks Canal, in a strip 1/2 mile wide and about 3 miles long through National City, in the Monsanto and Dupo areas, and in a strip about 1 mile wide and 4 miles long near Fairmont City. Thicknesses average 40 feet over a large part of the East St. Louis area. The coarser deposits diminish in thickness near the bluff, west of the Chain of Rocks Canal, and in places along the Mississippi River. The available drawdown to the top of the medium sand and coarser deposits was estimated by comparing elevations of the top of the medium sand and coarser deposits with elevations of the piezometric surface map for June 1962 (figure 54). As shown in figure 64, available drawdown is greatest in undeveloped areas, exceeding 80 feet in the vicinity of Long Lake and in an area south of Horseshoe Lake. In a large part of the area available drawdown exceeds 60 feet. Average available drawdown within pumping centers was estimated to be 40 feet in the Alton area, 20 feet in the Wood River area, 35 feet 57
After critical water levels have been reached, individual wells in pumping centers will have yields exceeding 450 gpm. Table 33. Critical Nonpumping Water-Level Elevations for Existing Pumping Centers Pumping center Average critical nonpumping water-level elevation (ft above msl) Alton area 375 Wood River area 369 Granite City area 374 National City area 374 Monsanto area 369 The electric analog computer with a pumping period of 5 years was used to determine pumping center discharge rates that would cause water levels in all major pumping centers to decline to the critical stages in table 33. Several values of discharge were assumed and waterlevel declines throughout the East St. Louis area were determined. Water-level declines were superposed on the 1900 piezometric surface map together with changes in Figure 64. Thickness of medium sand and coarser deposits in lower part of valley fill in the Granite City area, 30 feet in the National City area, and 30 feet in the Monsanto area. When pumping water levels in individual production wells are below tops of screens, partial clogging of screen openings and the pores of the deposits in the immediate vicinity of the wells is greatly accelerated. To insure long service lives of wells, pumping water levels should be kept above tops of screens. Also, when water levels decline to stages below the top of the coarse alluvial and valley-train sand and gravel and more than one-half of the aquifer is dewatered, drawdowns due to the effects of dewatering become excessive and the yields of wells greatly decrease. Thus, critical water levels occur when pumping water levels are below tops of screens, or more than one-half of the aquifer is dewatered, or both. Critical nonpumping water levels for existing pumping centers (table 33) were estimated on the basis of well-construction and performance data and figures 6, 64, and 65 taking into consideration the effects of dewatering. Figure 65. Estimated available drawdown to top of medium sand and coarser deposits in June 1962 58
Page 2 and 3:
REPORT OF INVESTIGATION 5I Ground-W
Page 4 and 5:
CONTENTS PAGE Abstract Introduction
Page 6 and 7:
FIGURE PAGE 47 Water levels in Gran
Page 8 and 9:
Ground Water Development in East St
Page 10 and 11:
Csallany, W. H. Walker, T. A. Prick
Page 12 and 13:
Figure 2. Drainage system and locat
Page 14 and 15: at St. Louis was 421.26 feet and oc
Page 16 and 17: Figure 5. Thickness of the valley (
Page 18 and 19: Table 6 (Continued) Sand, very coar
Page 20 and 21: An aquifer test was made October 25
Page 22 and 23: elief wells 137 and 139. Water leve
Page 24 and 25: is intercepted and the cone is deep
Page 26 and 27: straight line per log cycle and the
Page 28 and 29: Figure 20. Time-drawdown data for w
Page 30 and 31: Table 15. Specific-Capacity Data fo
Page 32 and 33: Table 17. Pumping center Pumping Ce
Page 34 and 35: wells contain slotted pipe screens.
Page 36 and 37: city of Wood River is given in figu
Page 38 and 39: a test hole near Monsanto. The coef
Page 40 and 41: Figure 35. Estimated pumpage, Alton
Page 42 and 43: dition, industrial and urban expans
Page 44 and 45: River stages were higher in June 19
Page 46 and 47: of the drought and changes in river
Page 48 and 49: The general pattern of flow of wate
Page 50 and 51: Table 23 (Continued) Water level ch
Page 52 and 53: Figure 54. Approximate elevation of
Page 54 and 55: RECHARGE FROM INDUCED INFILTRATION
Page 56 and 57: Table 27. Results of Aquifer Tests
Page 58 and 59: Potential recharge by the induced i
Page 60 and 61: The model was developed on the prem
Page 62 and 63: tions 26 and 28 which relate electr
Page 66 and 67: water levels due to the changes in
Page 68 and 69: Table 35. Potential Yield of Aquife
Page 70 and 71: Table 37. Chemical Analyses of Wate
Page 72 and 73: Table 37 (Continued) Sodium Alka- H
Page 74 and 75: Table 39 (Continued) Total Laborato
Page 76 and 77: REFERENCES Ahrens, T. P. 1957. Well
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Ground-water development in East St. Louis area, Illinois. Urbana, IL ...

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