F-22 Plus-Up Environmental Assessment - Joint Base Elmendorf ...

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F-22 Plus-Up Environmental Assessment 2.0 Description of the Proposed Action and Alternatives and NMFS offices as well as state agencies were contacted to inform them of the proposal and to request data regarding applicable protected species. The USFWS replied on February 8, 2011 that there are no federally listed or proposed species and/or designated or proposed critical habitat for which they are responsible within the action area of the project. The NMFS replied on February 22, 2011 with their determination that the F-22 plus-up may affect but is unlikely to adversely affect the CIBW. Appendix C includes copies of relevant coordination letters, and Appendix E is the wildlife study used in informal consultation with the NMFS under Section 7 of the ESA. 2.6.3 Cultural Resources Regulatory Requirements The NHPA of 1966 (16 USC § 470) established the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) outlining procedures for the management of cultural resources on federal property. Cultural resources can include archaeological remains, architectural structures, and traditional cultural properties such as ancestral settlements, historic trails, and places where significant historic events occurred. NHPA requires federal agencies to consider potential impacts to cultural resources that are listed, nominated to, or eligible for listing on the NRHP; designated a National Historic Landmark; or valued by modern Alaska Natives for maintaining their traditional culture. Section 106 of NHPA (as amended) requires federal agencies to take into account the effects of their undertakings on historic properties. Protection of Historic and Cultural Properties (36 CFR 800 [1986]) provides an explicit set of procedures for federal agencies to meet their obligations under Section 106 of the NHPA, which includes inventorying of resources and consultation with State Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs). The American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA) (42 USC § 1996) established federal policy to protect and preserve the rights of Native Americans to believe, express, and exercise their traditional religions, including providing access to sacred sites. AFI 32-7065, Cultural Resources Management (2004) establishes guidelines for managing and protecting cultural resources on property affected by Air Force operations in the U.S. and U.S. territories and possessions. The preservation of Alaska Native cultural resources is coordinated by the SHPO, as mandated by the NHPA and its implementing regulations. Letters were sent to potentially affected Alaska Native communities informing them of the proposal (Appendix C). Further communication is included as part of this EA review process. 2.6.4 Clean Air Act The Clean Air Act (CAA) (42 USC §§ 7401–7671q, as amended) provided the authority for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to establish nationwide air quality standards to protect public health and welfare. Federal standards, known as the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), were developed for six criteria pollutants: ozone (O 3), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2), both coarse and fine inhalable particulate matter (less than or equal to 10 micrometers in diameter [PM 10], and particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter [PM 2.5]), and lead (Pb). The Page 2-20
F-22 Plus-Up Environmental Assessment 2.0 Description of the Proposed Action and Alternatives Act also requires that each state prepare a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for maintaining and improving air quality and eliminating violations of the NAAQS. In nonattainment and maintenance areas, the CAA requires federal agencies to determine whether their proposed actions conform with the applicable SIP and demonstrate that their actions will not (1) cause or contribute to a new violation of the NAAQS, (2) increase the frequency or severity of any existing violation, or (3) delay timely attainment of any standard, emission reduction, or milestone contained in the SIP. JBER is in attainment for all criteria pollutants and therefore an Air Conformity Review under the CAA Amendments is not required as emissions for air pollutants are below the de minimis threshold. 2.6.5 Other Regulatory Requirements Additional regulatory legislation that potentially applies to the implementation of this proposal includes guidelines promulgated by Executive Order (EO) 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, to ensure that disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on citizens in either of these categories are identified and addressed, as appropriate. Additionally, potential health and safety impacts that could disproportionately affect children are considered under the guidelines established by EO 13045, Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. 2.7 Environmental Comparison of the Proposed Action and No Action Alternative Table 2.7-1 summarizes the consequences at JBER-Elmendorf and the training airspace of implementing the Proposed Action, and includes the No Action Alternative. This summary is derived from the detailed analyses presented in Chapter 4.0. Chapter 5.0 addresses cumulative consequences and finds that there are no significant cumulative environmental consequences resulting from an F-22 Plus-up decision when added to other past, present, or reasonably foreseeable future federal and non-federal actions. The Proposed Action is to beddown six additional primary and one backup F-22 aircraft. Page 2-21
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Table 5.1-1. Past, Present, and Rea
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Appendix A Characteristics of Chaff
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APPENDIX A CHARACTERISTICS OF CHAFF
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Table 2. Characteristics of RR-188
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they demonstrate ejection of 98 per
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Appendix B Characteristics and Anal
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APPENDIX B CHARACTERISTICS AND ANAL
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Figure 1. MJU-10/B Flare F-22 Plus-
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Flare failure would occur if the fl
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4.2 Flare Strike Risk Residual flar
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and velocity. A slug is defined as
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The S&I device maximum momentum wou
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Appendix C Public and Agency Outrea
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Senator Lisa Murkowski ATTN: Karen
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New Koliganek Village Council ATTN:
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Alaska Department of Natural Resour
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Eklutna Native Village ATTN: Doroth
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Village of Stony River ATTN: Mary W
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Village of Stony River ATTN: Mary W
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Appendix D Aircraft Noise Analysis
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Appendix E Sec 7 (ESA) Compliance W
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SECTION 7 (ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT)
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not require additional construction
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Other diet items include cod, pollo
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1.5.6 Northern Sea Otter—Southwes
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Most sound is actually transmitted
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The visual experience of an F-22 ov
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Figure 2. Water Surface Area Below
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approached by projected sound level
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whale are considered to be possible
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_____. 2010c. Proposed Critical Hab
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APPENDIX 1. NOISE IMPACTS ASSESSMEN
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important in determining whether an
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SPL (dB) Frequency (Hz) Figure 2. U
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e 1 µPa, 125-130 dB re 1 µPa, and
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1.18 Appendix 1 References Blackwel
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APPENDIX 2. INFORMATION ON BELUGA W
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Delphinapterus leucas, after exposu
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F2.1 Ungulates Wild ungulates appea
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F2.2 Waterfowl and Other Waterbirds
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leaving an aircraft during training
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Cavedo, A. M., K. S. Latimer, H. L.
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Perry, E. A., D. J. Boness, and S.
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