Basic Analysis and Graphing - SAS

Chapter 6 Performing Contingency Analysis 197
Agreement Statistic
Agreement Statistic
When the two variables have the same levels, the Agreement Statistic option is available. This option
shows the Kappa statistic (Agresti 1990), its standard error, confidence interval, hypothesis test, and
Bowker’s test of symmetry.
The Kappa statistic and associated p-value given in this section are approximate. An exact version of the
agreement test is available. See “Exact Test” on page 200.
Table 6.9 Description of the Agreement Statistic Report
Kappa
Std Err
Lower 95%
Upper 95%
Prob>Z
Prob>|Z|
ChiSquare
Prob>ChiSq
Shows the Kappa statistic.
Shows the standard error of the Kappa statistic.
Shows the lower endpoint of the confidence interval for Kappa.
Shows the upper endpoint of the confidence interval for Kappa.
Shows the p-value for a one-sided test for Kappa. The null hypothesis tests if
Kappa equals zero.
Shows the p-value for a two-sided test for Kappa.
Shows the test statistic for Bowker’s test. For Bowker’s test of symmetry, the
null hypothesis is that the probabilities in the square table satisfy symmetry,
or that p ij =p ji for all pairs of table cells. When both X and Y have two levels,
this test is equal to McNemar’s test.
Shows the p-value for the Bowker’s test.
Related Information
• “Example of the Agreement Statistic Option” on page 207
• “Statistical Details for the Agreement Statistic Option” on page 212
Relative Risk
Calculate risk ratios for 2x2 contingency tables using the Relative Risk option. Confidence intervals also
appear in the report. You can find more information about this method in Agresti (1990) section 3.4.2.
The Choose Relative Risk Categories window appears when you select the Relative Risk option. You can
select a single response and factor combination, or you can calculate the risk ratios for all combinations of
response and factor levels.
Related Information
• “Example of the Relative Risk Option” on page 208