TITRE Adaptive Packet Video Streaming Over IP Networks - LaBRI

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The both network topologies are similar and composed of an MPEG-4 video server “S”, a receiver terminal “C” and 2 or 3 routers (R1, R2 and core routers). Background traffic is also transmitted to heavily load the network and charge the bottleneck link between routers “R1” and “R2”. This traffic includes FTP data over TCP, and constant-bit-rate (CBR) data over UDP. Steady FTP sources send 1000-bytes length IP packets. A sink node immediately sends an ACK packet when it receives a data packet. CBR sources transmit IP packets of 210 bytes length at 56 kbp/s. Routers queue lengths are 50 packets. Figure 5-11 illustrates the IP Diffserv domain topology. An IP core Diffserv router is inserted between R1 and R2. This core router filters the incoming IP packets and reacts according to the DSCP marking performed by the server “S”. The router “R1” implements classification, policing and shaping policies and ensures that incoming traffic obeys to the negotiated traffic. FTP null 1 1Mbs 5mS 1Mbs 5mS 3 MPEG -4 server S 1Mbs 5mS 2 1Mbs 5mS R1 R2 C 1Mbs 5mS 1Mbs 5mS 4 1Mbs 5mS MPEG -4 client CBR Sink Figure 5-10: Classical IP network model The peak rate of MPEG-4 stream is about 113 kbps. Two scenarios were experimented, the first one is the best effort model using Drop Tail queue in the router. The second one is Diffserv model in which the video traffic is marked using DVMA. The base layer stream is marked with the low drop precedence, the enhanced layer 1 stream is marked with the medium drop precedence and the enhanced layer 2 stream is marked with the high drop precedence respectively. FTP null 1 1Mbs 5mS 1Mbs 5mS 3 MPEG-4 server S 1Mbs 5mS 2 1Mbs 5mS R1 Core R2 C 1Mbs 5mS 1Mbs 5mS 1Mbs 5mS 4 1Mbs 5mS MPEG-4 client CBR Sink Figure 5-11: Diffserv network model 5.5.1.2 Simulation Results Figure 5-12 presents the instantaneous throughput of the stream used in the simulation along with the whole MPEG-4 scene. The instantaneous queue size after simulation is presented in Figure 5-13 for the IP best effort and the IP Diffserv models. With the classical IP service, important packet loss appears when load increases as presented in Figure 5-14. There is no distinction between the MPEG-4 sub flows during the dropping process. This is because of the lack of priority 122
mechanism associated with the Drop Tail Queues. Therefore, all video packets are dropped with an equal probability and regardless to their relevance. Figure 5-15 shows the end-to-end IP packet transmission delay (IPTD) for the IP best effort. IPTD variations are correlated with the queue size and the packets loss. The more the queue is on congestion; the more the delay to reach the destination is increased for a particular packet. With IP Diffserv, DVMA is activated. The core router queue size is shown in Figure 5-13, and the video packets loss in Figure 5-16. FTP and CBR traffics are marked using TSWTCM, whereas, MPEG-4 video is marked according to the proposed DVMA algorithm. We notice that packets are dropped according to their priority score. Less important packets are dropped first to maintain a low queue size. Consequently, MPEG-4 main video stream is preserved and encounter limited packet loss probability. Similarly, router queue size is smaller in the IP Diffserv domain than with the IP Best Effort. The early congestion detection algorithm implemented in Diffserv router queue explains this fact. This result to a lower utilization of the queue capacity. The performance can be improved by better tuning the minThreshold and maxThreshold in a situation of multiple shared RED queues. Finally, Figure 5-17 presents the end-to-end packet transmission delay with IP Diffserv model. Performance measurements of the Diffserv model are better than with Best Effort. The mean packet delay is about 0,1s with the best effort, and only about 0.05 when using Diffserv AF PHB. Figure 5-12: The MPEG-4 elementary stream bit rates 123
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UNIVERSITÉ DE VERSAILLES SAINT-QUE
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Résumé Nous constatons aujourd’
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3 Related Work ....................
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5.5.1.2 Simulation Results.........
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List of Figures Figure 1-1: Structu
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Figure 5-15: End-to-end packet tran
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Acknowledgments The first person I
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[11] Toufik Ahmed, Guillaume Burida
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d’accès. Les interactions de QoS
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Métrique MAX_DELAY PREF_MAX_DELAY
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1.1.2 Proposition dun Protocole d'E
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des paquets RTP. Reste toujours le
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Nous pouvons distinguer trois possi
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1.1.2.5.2 Multiplexage des Flux El
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l’horloge est par défaut égale
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La valeur R TCP représente le déb
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Pour ces raisons, nous nous intére
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Telles que illustrés par la Figure
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3. DMIF2SIP vérifie si son propre
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utilisée optionnellement pour loca
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Chapter 2 2 Introduction 2.1 Motiva
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conditions. Based on end-to-end fee
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Chapter 3 3 Related Work Nowadays,
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• multicasting: it takes the stre
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expensive, fixed delivery and recep
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3.1.6 Static vs. Dynamic Channels T
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environment because they require a
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H.261 is called video codec for aud
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VideoScene (VS) VideoObject (VO) Vi
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The emphasis of MPEG-7 will be the
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Temporal scalability involves parti
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multitude of streams. It can switch
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increased linearly in the absence o
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3.2.2.1 End-to-End Retransmission R
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correctly received block. The missi
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epresent user traffic. The delay ca
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3.2.5 IP Signaling Protocols for Pa
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two H.323 endpoints or between an e
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Chapter 4 4 Adaptive Packet Video T
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4.1.1 Video Classification Model Pr
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attributes can refer to the QoS par
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In RBF, 2 D = X − is the distance
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4-6: Experiment testbed In t
Page 89 and 90: 190 180 170 End-to-end delay MPEG-4
Page 91 and 92: Sync Layer. The SL-packetized strea
Page 93 and 94: conveyed by MIME format parameters
Page 95 and 96: the same value. This timing informa
Page 97 and 98: 4.2.2.1 Fragmentation We propose to
Page 99 and 100: Timestamp: Indicates the sampling i
Page 101 and 102: When G is used as generator matrix,
Page 103 and 104: 4.2.3 Performance Evaluation Intens
Page 105 and 106: 0.3 0.25 our proposal classical app
Page 107 and 108: lost packet at the receiver. Conseq
Page 109 and 110: marking scheme. The server must be
Page 111 and 112: The video server adds audio-visual
Page 113 and 114: Marker (TR3CM) [131] to mark the ba
Page 115 and 116: VO1 VO2 AVO Scenario Audio BL EL1 E
Page 117 and 118: Throughput (Kbits) 3000 2500 2000 1
Page 119 and 120: Throughput (Kbits) 3000 2500 2000 1
Page 121 and 122: 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
Page 123 and 124: 45 40 Original Quality Received Qua
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 5 5 A Dynamic Packet Video
Page 127 and 128: The TCM algorithm is based on a tok
Page 129 and 130: BEGIN Initialize the classification
Page 131 and 132: User Profile (Token Bucket) Traffic
Page 133 and 134: 5.3.3 QoS Management Algorithm Spec
Page 135 and 136: Figure 5-7: Hierarchical aggregatio
Page 137: • Filters: to put packets into cl
Page 141 and 142: Figure 5-16: Packets loss with IP D
Page 143 and 144: 5.5.2.3 Experimental Results Figure
Page 145 and 146: 1 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream -AF11 M
Page 147 and 148: 0.2 0.18 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream
Page 149 and 150: By using our PBNM tool, we allocate
Page 151 and 152: Id Condition Indicator Action 1 Net
Page 153 and 154: The proposed marking algorithm bett
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 6 6 A SIP/MPEG-4 Multimedia
Page 157 and 158: performed by many ways like SLA (Se
Page 159 and 160: 6.1.1.4 SIP Communication Model SIP
Page 161 and 162: • It assign a value (network sess
Page 163 and 164: 6.2.1 SIP2DMIF Subsystem The SIP2DM
Page 165 and 166: Step 1: The MPEG-4 Terminal passes
Page 167 and 168: 1. Set the result C to the empty se
Page 169 and 170: TCP/UDP port, our implementation us
Page 171 and 172: Control & Data Plan Video Rate Cont
Page 173 and 174: characteristics and relevance of ea
Page 175 and 176: References [1] Kazaa Media Desktop
Page 177 and 178: [43] B. Schuster, “Fine granular
Page 179 and 180: [79] D. Bansal and H. Balakrishnan,
Page 181 and 182: [115] N. Laoutaris, I. Stavrakakis,
Page 183 and 184: [154] W. Almesberger, J. H. Salim,
Page 185 and 186: Appendix A A Appendix A: Overview o
Page 187 and 188: Media aware Delivery unaware ISO/IE
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A.3.3 Scene Description Streams Sce
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This appendix presents structure ex
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