TITRE Adaptive Packet Video Streaming Over IP Networks - LaBRI

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media aware delivery unaware Compression Layer media unaware delivery unaware media aware delivery aware Sync Layer Classification Layer media unaware delivery aware Delivery Layer Figure 4-1: Classification layer in the MPEG-4 architecture The proposed MPEG-4 classification layer satisfies the following features: • Object-Based Abstraction: Classification layer deals with MPEG-4 AVOs as a fundamental calculation entity. This allows a flexible, extensible, scalable and simple manipulation of the MPEG-4 scene. • Flexibility: The flexibility of the proposed Classification layer is achieved by (1) allowing different classification algorithms to be use (not only the one proposed in this section) (2) enabling or disabling on the fly the classification process. • Extensibility: The classification layer can be used to derive new elements for different domains. As example, we mention the video surveillance system, which simply use a classification to detect and track objects within the scene. • Scalability: Classifying object into classes according to some criteria increases the scalability of the system. The criteria can be specified in terms of visual features (e.g., size and color), semantic relevance (e.g., relevance to user interest profile, background objects, foreground objects), service quality (e.g., media features, bit rate, ratio loss), and/or temporal features. For example, terminal with less capacity can choose to view only video sequence without logo information, background or others banners. • Simplicity: we specify an AVO classification based on media QoS. Additional objects and features can be easily added in a modular and flexible way. • Application Domain: The proposed classification layer is generic and supports a very broad range of applications and media transport mechanism. 4.1.2 Audio Visual Object Classification Model We suppose that we have a collection of MPEG-4 AVOs, which must be classified into classes. The numbers of classes are well defined and each class has a well-known characteristics. A class is viewed as a class of service of a network layer. It can be an <strong>IP</strong> Diffserv class (Best Effort, EF or AFx class), an ATM class of service (ABR, VBR, UBR, etc.), or any others mechanisms that deliver network QoS. Figure 4-2 shows a collection of MPEG-4 objects described by a collection of object descriptors. These AVOs can be classified according to some attributes (features). The 66
attributes can refer to the QoS parameters (Bandwidth, loss, and jitter) or any others information founded in their object descriptors or provided by the MPEG-7 tools. In MPEG-4, the description is done at two levels: Structure Level and on Semantic level. Structure Level indicates how the scene is composed and how the AVO are arranged in the scene in term of both special and temporal location. The semantic level interests on how the various streams are configured and information regarding the manner that must be delivered to the user. In particular, it describes the expected QoS requirement from the network. Figure 4-2: MPEG-4 AVO with corresponding objects description The MPEG 4 video coding standard provides an object-based representation of the video scene by allowing the coding of AVOs separately. Texture and shape coding in MPEG-4 are very similar to the coding of frames in MPEG-2. Temporal instance of a video object is called VOP (<strong>Video</strong> Object Plane). VOP is divided into macro, luminance, and chrominance blocks. VOP supports intra coded (I-VOP) temporally predicted (P-VOP) and bi-directionally predicted (B- VOP) Frames. The different contents of the video data stream don’t have the same importance for the quality of the decoded video. The damages caused by some data loss in a reference picture (I- VOP or P-VOP) will affect subsequent picture(s) due to inter-frame predictions. Subsequently, I-Frame must be protected more than P-Frame and P-Frame more than B-Frame. Let us consider now the example of video object coded with layered wavelet transform techniques. The most important layer contains the low frequency sub-band of the picture, called Base Layer (BL). Other layers, which represent a hierarchical level of resolution of the wavelet transform, are less important. These layers are called Enhancement Layers (EL). This is the second step of preparing the MPEG-4 Access Unit (AU) to be transmitted over the network. It operates within a single audio-visual object. The first step is handled by the 67
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UNIVERSITÉ DE VERSAILLES SAINT-QUE
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Résumé Nous constatons aujourd’
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3 Related Work ....................
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5.5.1.2 Simulation Results.........
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List of Figures Figure 1-1: Structu
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Figure 5-15: End-to-end packet tran
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Acknowledgments The first person I
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[11] Toufik Ahmed, Guillaume Burida
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d’accès. Les interactions de QoS
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Métrique MAX_DELAY PREF_MAX_DELAY
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1.1.2 Proposition dun Protocole d'E
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des paquets RTP. Reste toujours le
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Nous pouvons distinguer trois possi
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1.1.2.5.2 Multiplexage des Flux El
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l’horloge est par défaut égale
Page 32 and 33: La valeur R TCP représente le déb
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Page 38 and 39: 3. DMIF2SIP vérifie si son propre
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Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 2 Introduction 2.1 Motiva
Page 44 and 45: conditions. Based on end-to-end fee
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Page 48 and 49: • multicasting: it takes the stre
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Page 54 and 55: environment because they require a
Page 56 and 57: H.261 is called video codec for aud
Page 58 and 59: VideoScene (VS) VideoObject (VO) Vi
Page 60 and 61: The emphasis of MPEG-7 will be the
Page 62 and 63: Temporal scalability involves parti
Page 64 and 65: multitude of streams. It can switch
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Page 70 and 71: correctly received block. The missi
Page 72 and 73: epresent user traffic. The delay ca
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Page 109 and 110: marking scheme. The server must be
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Page 115 and 116: VO1 VO2 AVO Scenario Audio BL EL1 E
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Page 125 and 126: Chapter 5 5 A Dynamic Packet Video
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Page 129 and 130: BEGIN Initialize the classification
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5.3.3 QoS Management Algorithm Spec
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Figure 5-7: Hierarchical aggregatio
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• Filters: to put packets into cl
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mechanism associated with the Drop
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Figure 5-16: Packets loss with IP D
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5.5.2.3 Experimental Results Figure
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1 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream -AF11 M
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0.2 0.18 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream
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By using our PBNM tool, we allocate
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Id Condition Indicator Action 1 Net
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The proposed marking algorithm bett
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Chapter 6 6 A SIP/MPEG-4 Multimedia
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performed by many ways like SLA (Se
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6.1.1.4 SIP Communication Model SIP
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• It assign a value (network sess
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6.2.1 SIP2DMIF Subsystem The SIP2DM
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Step 1: The MPEG-4 Terminal passes
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1. Set the result C to the empty se
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TCP/UDP port, our implementation us
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Control & Data Plan Video Rate Cont
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characteristics and relevance of ea
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References [1] Kazaa Media Desktop
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[43] B. Schuster, “Fine granular
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[79] D. Bansal and H. Balakrishnan,
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[115] N. Laoutaris, I. Stavrakakis,
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[154] W. Almesberger, J. H. Salim,
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Appendix A A Appendix A: Overview o
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Media aware Delivery unaware ISO/IE
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A.3.3 Scene Description Streams Sce
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This appendix presents structure ex
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