TITRE Adaptive Packet Video Streaming Over IP Networks - LaBRI

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VideoScene (VS) VideoObject (VO) VideoObjectLayer (VOL) GroupOfVOPs (GOV) VideoObjectPlane (VOP) VS 2, VS 3 , ... VS 1 VS VS1 1 VS2 VOP VS 1 1 VOP k VOP VS k+1 1 VOP 1 VOP VS 2 1 VO 1 VS VS1 1 VO2 VO 2 ,VO 3 , ... VOL 1 VS VS1 1 VOL2 VOL 2 ,VOL 3 , ... GOV 1 VS VS1 1 GOV2 GOV 2 ,GOV 3 ,... VOP 1 ...VOP k VOP k+1 ...VOPm VOP 1 ...VOP t Layer 1 Layer 2 Figure 3-8: Hierarchical organization of MPEG-4 data stream 3.2.1.1.5 H.264 Since 1997, the IUT-T video experts Group (VCEG) has been working on new coding standard, namely H.26L. In late 2001, MPEG video group and VCEG decided to work together as Joint Video Team (JVT) to create a single technical design for forthcoming ITU-T Recommendation and for new part of ISO/IEC MPEG-4 standard. The final working version carries the denomination H.264 and ISO/IEC 14496-10 (MPEG-4 part 10) it has been adopted in July 2003 as a standard in Berlin Meeting. The codec specification [25] itself distinguishes conceptually between a video coding layer (VCL), and a network abstraction layer (NAL). The VCL contains the signal processing functionality of the codec, things such as transform, quantization, motion search/compensation, and the loop filter. It follows the general concept of most of today's video codecs, a macroblockbased coder that utilizes inter picture prediction with motion compensation, and transform coding of the residual signal. The basic configuration of the H.264 codec is similar to H.263 and MPEG-4, Part 2. The image width and height of the source data are restricted to be multiples of 16. Pictures are divided into macroblocks of 16x16 pixels. A number of consecutive macroblocks in coding order can be organized in slices. Slices represent independent coding units in a way that they can be decoded without referencing other slices of the same frame. The outputs of the VCL are slices. The NAL encapsulates the slices into Network Abstraction Layer Units (NALUs) which are suitable for the transmission over packet networks or the use in packet oriented multiplex environments [26]. Earlier test demonstrates that the future H.264 standard can achieve 50% coding gain over MPEG-2, 47% coding gain over H.263 baseline, and 24% coding gain over H.263 high profile 42
encoders within the motion compensation loop in order to reduce visual artifacts and improve prediction [27]. One of the main properties of the H.264 codec is the complete decoupling of the transmission time, the decoding time, and the sampling or presentation time of slices and pictures. The codec itself is unaware of time, and does not carry information such as the number of skipped frames (as common in the form of the Temporal Reference in earlier video compression standards). Also, there are NAL units that are affecting many pictures and are, hence, inherently time-less. IETF is working now on defining RTP payload format for H.264 codec, which defines essentially timing information of NAL units [28]. 3.2.1.1.6 Proprietary Format There exists a number a proprietary solution for video compression such as Windows Media Format by Microsoft [29] and Real Video by Real Network [30]. Windows Media 9 Series product was developed and published in November 2002. It includes many technologies and tools for media creation, delivery, security and playback. However Windows Media is proprietary, OS-based system and details information of this format is not available for public domain. A little work considers streaming using Windows Media Format. The last release of Real Network has developed recently Real Video 9 and published in July 2002. A compression format designed for broadband and high definition television. It promises a good quality with a reasonable bandwidth. Furthermore, real video is a multiplatform solution. Recently there were many efforts among the Real Network to move to an open source solution. Helix project was the result of these efforts. Helix initiative consists of three major elements: (1) Helix Platform, (2) Helix Community, and (3) Helix Universal Server. Helix platform is an open source platform for media production and applications for any format and operating system. 3.2.1.1.7 Other Related Standards: MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 The Moving Expert Group (MPEG) has not stop after getting the MPEG-4 ready for use. Currently it is defining standards related to multimedia such MPEG-7 [20], and MPEG-21 [21]. (a) MPEG-7 Before one can use any information (audio, video, data, etc), it have to be identified and located first. More and more audio-visual information is available in digital form, in various content delivery systems and networks. At the same time, the increasing availability of potentially interesting material makes this search harder. The question of finding content is not restricted to database retrieval applications; also in other areas similar questions exist. For instance, there is an increasing amount of (digital) broadcast channels available, and this makes it harder to select the broadcast channel (radio or TV) that is potentially interesting. In October 1996, MPEG started a new work item to provide a solution for the urging problem of generally recognized descriptions for audio-visual content, which extend the limited capabilities of proprietary solutions in identifying content that exist today. The new member of the MPEG family is called "Multimedia Content Description Interface", or in short MPEG-7 [20]. 43
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UNIVERSITÉ DE VERSAILLES SAINT-QUE
Page 4 and 5:
Résumé Nous constatons aujourd’
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3 Related Work ....................
Page 8 and 9: 5.5.1.2 Simulation Results.........
Page 10 and 11: List of Figures Figure 1-1: Structu
Page 12 and 13: Figure 5-15: End-to-end packet tran
Page 14 and 15: Acknowledgments The first person I
Page 16 and 17: [11] Toufik Ahmed, Guillaume Burida
Page 18 and 19: d’accès. Les interactions de QoS
Page 20 and 21: Métrique MAX_DELAY PREF_MAX_DELAY
Page 22 and 23: 1.1.2 Proposition dun Protocole d'E
Page 24 and 25: des paquets RTP. Reste toujours le
Page 26 and 27: Nous pouvons distinguer trois possi
Page 28 and 29: 1.1.2.5.2 Multiplexage des Flux El
Page 30 and 31: l’horloge est par défaut égale
Page 32 and 33: La valeur R TCP représente le déb
Page 34 and 35: Pour ces raisons, nous nous intére
Page 36 and 37: Telles que illustrés par la Figure
Page 38 and 39: 3. DMIF2SIP vérifie si son propre
Page 40 and 41: utilisée optionnellement pour loca
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2 2 Introduction 2.1 Motiva
Page 44 and 45: conditions. Based on end-to-end fee
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 3 3 Related Work Nowadays,
Page 48 and 49: • multicasting: it takes the stre
Page 50 and 51: expensive, fixed delivery and recep
Page 52 and 53: 3.1.6 Static vs. Dynamic Channels T
Page 54 and 55: environment because they require a
Page 56 and 57: H.261 is called video codec for aud
Page 60 and 61: The emphasis of MPEG-7 will be the
Page 62 and 63: Temporal scalability involves parti
Page 64 and 65: multitude of streams. It can switch
Page 66 and 67: increased linearly in the absence o
Page 68 and 69: 3.2.2.1 End-to-End Retransmission R
Page 70 and 71: correctly received block. The missi
Page 72 and 73: epresent user traffic. The delay ca
Page 74 and 75: 3.2.5 IP Signaling Protocols for Pa
Page 76 and 77: two H.323 endpoints or between an e
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 4 4 Adaptive Packet Video T
Page 81 and 82: 4.1.1 Video Classification Model Pr
Page 83 and 84: attributes can refer to the QoS par
Page 85 and 86: In RBF, 2 D = X − is the distance
Page 87 and 88: Figure 4-6: Experiment testbed In t
Page 89 and 90: 190 180 170 End-to-end delay MPEG-4
Page 91 and 92: Sync Layer. The SL-packetized strea
Page 93 and 94: conveyed by MIME format parameters
Page 95 and 96: the same value. This timing informa
Page 97 and 98: 4.2.2.1 Fragmentation We propose to
Page 99 and 100: Timestamp: Indicates the sampling i
Page 101 and 102: When G is used as generator matrix,
Page 103 and 104: 4.2.3 Performance Evaluation Intens
Page 105 and 106: 0.3 0.25 our proposal classical app
Page 107 and 108: lost packet at the receiver. Conseq
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marking scheme. The server must be
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The video server adds audio-visual
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Marker (TR3CM) [131] to mark the ba
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VO1 VO2 AVO Scenario Audio BL EL1 E
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Throughput (Kbits) 3000 2500 2000 1
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Throughput (Kbits) 3000 2500 2000 1
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4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
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45 40 Original Quality Received Qua
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Chapter 5 5 A Dynamic Packet Video
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The TCM algorithm is based on a tok
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BEGIN Initialize the classification
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User Profile (Token Bucket) Traffic
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5.3.3 QoS Management Algorithm Spec
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Figure 5-7: Hierarchical aggregatio
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• Filters: to put packets into cl
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mechanism associated with the Drop
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Figure 5-16: Packets loss with IP D
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5.5.2.3 Experimental Results Figure
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1 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream -AF11 M
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0.2 0.18 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream
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By using our PBNM tool, we allocate
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Id Condition Indicator Action 1 Net
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The proposed marking algorithm bett
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Chapter 6 6 A SIP/MPEG-4 Multimedia
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performed by many ways like SLA (Se
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6.1.1.4 SIP Communication Model SIP
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• It assign a value (network sess
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6.2.1 SIP2DMIF Subsystem The SIP2DM
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Step 1: The MPEG-4 Terminal passes
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1. Set the result C to the empty se
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TCP/UDP port, our implementation us
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Control & Data Plan Video Rate Cont
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characteristics and relevance of ea
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References [1] Kazaa Media Desktop
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[43] B. Schuster, “Fine granular
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[79] D. Bansal and H. Balakrishnan,
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[115] N. Laoutaris, I. Stavrakakis,
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[154] W. Almesberger, J. H. Salim,
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Appendix A A Appendix A: Overview o
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Media aware Delivery unaware ISO/IE
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A.3.3 Scene Description Streams Sce
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This appendix presents structure ex
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