TITRE Adaptive Packet Video Streaming Over IP Networks - LaBRI

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original MPEG-4 scene. In MPEG-4, each AVO is coded separately so that the decoding process decodes also each AVO separately and then the composition module rebuilds the original scene. We summarize the key results and important components of this system in the following: • Content-based video classification component: that implements the applicationlevel audio-visual object classification model. Since the MPEG-4 scene may be composed of several audio-visual objects (AVO), it is necessary to have a function that allows distinction between important AVO and less important one. This module provides automatic and accurate mapping between MPEG-4 application-level QoS metrics and the underlying QoS-capable network services. Performance evaluation shows a significant enhancing in network QoS metrics for audio-video streams which are marked based on the relative priority score of each AVO. • Video Rate Adaptation component: that implements the fine grained TCP-Friendly video rate adaptation algorithm. It performs video source rate adaptation to deal with varying network resource conditions. Based on end-to-end feedback measurements conveyed by Real Time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) reports, the video server adapts its sending rate to much the estimated transmission rate and conforms to it. This module adapts a fine adjustment of the video rate by adding/dropping AVOs according to the relative priority score of the AVOs calculated by the Classification module. Performance evaluation shows a constant visual quality for long-time scale. • Application level framing component: that implements the robust and adaptive application level framing protocol with elementary stream multiplexing and unequal error protection. This module uses RTP protocol for preparing audio-video streams to be transported over UDP/IP stack. Performance evaluation shows a significant reduction of the end-to-end transfer delay and the consecutive packet loss of a particular stream. Even if the error protection augments the traffic throughput of the original scene, the gain obtained in term of data recovery is better than with error protection. • QoS matching component. That could be deployed in video streaming servers or on edge routers. It offers packet video marking for IP Differentiated Service. We demonstrate that the interaction and cooperation between application-level (i.e. data classification model) and network-level (i.e. packet marking) mechanisms can improve the efficiency of the overall video delivery system. This module receives input from the classification module, and then it performs dynamic matching between the application-level RPS (Relative Priority Score) of each video packet and the networklevel differentiated forwarding mechanism. Performance evaluation shows that applying an intelligent marking allows to better taking into consideration 156
characteristics and relevance of each stream. As a result, sensitive information will undergo a privileged forwarding processing from the network, and then better QoS. We demonstrate also, that using network state as a feedback mechanism improves considerably the marking strategy. • Interworking signaling gateway. This gateway is a SIP/DMIF Multimedia Interworking Signaling Gateway. It allows SIP and MPEG-4 terminals to use services offered by each other to widely sharing multimedia content between heterogeneous wired and wireless IP terminals. Among the functionalities of this gateway, we cite session protocol conversion, service gateway conversion and address translation. We believe that the majority of the current video streaming systems over IP are missing at least one of these components. Our main contribution is in combining system-level components (media classification) with transport-level (application level protocol) and network-level components (traffic marking). Combining theses components into a coherent and integrated system architecture lead to a powerful cross-layer video streaming system. 7.2 Open Issues and Future Work As part of our future work, we plan to pursue our research activity in the following directions: • Minimizing the impact of loss: Loss can be minimized by a real collaboration between the end system (server and client) and network. Packet loss affects the quality of service perceived by the user. So it is necessary to reduce the impact of loss and variation in QoS. At the end system, we have used object prioritization. The traffic can have different levels of priorities, from high to low. The high priority traffic is sent with high protection and with the low drop precedence class and the low priority traffic can be sent over best effort class. It is necessary to a mapping strategy to assure the QoS for each priority and for each class. Using feedback from the network or the end system can ameliorate considerably this strategy. Thus, we can apply high protection only if we detect high loss, and so on. • Enhancing video rate control mechanism: the implemented video rate control mechanism uses TCP-Friendly Rate Control Module. It is necessary to compare this mechanism with other congestion control mechanisms such AIMD and see their impact on the received quality. The quality of the received video depends considerably on the video rate variation. Users want a consistent quality over the time. Hence it is necessary to provide a TCP-Friendly mechanism with low variation in the QoS. • Designing protocols for video multicast: in this thesis, we assumed only a unicast video streaming. We should adapt our mechanisms for multicast video communication. Our video rate control algorithm is designed for unicast communication. It reacts on end-to-end feedback. In case of multicast communication, many users may generate many feedbacks. It is necessary to find schemes that provide a consistent quality for the whole clients. 157
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UNIVERSITÉ DE VERSAILLES SAINT-QUE
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Résumé Nous constatons aujourd’
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3 Related Work ....................
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5.5.1.2 Simulation Results.........
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List of Figures Figure 1-1: Structu
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Figure 5-15: End-to-end packet tran
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Acknowledgments The first person I
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[11] Toufik Ahmed, Guillaume Burida
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d’accès. Les interactions de QoS
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Métrique MAX_DELAY PREF_MAX_DELAY
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1.1.2 Proposition dun Protocole d'E
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des paquets RTP. Reste toujours le
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Nous pouvons distinguer trois possi
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1.1.2.5.2 Multiplexage des Flux El
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l’horloge est par défaut égale
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La valeur R TCP représente le déb
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Pour ces raisons, nous nous intére
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Telles que illustrés par la Figure
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3. DMIF2SIP vérifie si son propre
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utilisée optionnellement pour loca
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Chapter 2 2 Introduction 2.1 Motiva
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conditions. Based on end-to-end fee
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Chapter 3 3 Related Work Nowadays,
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• multicasting: it takes the stre
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expensive, fixed delivery and recep
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3.1.6 Static vs. Dynamic Channels T
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environment because they require a
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H.261 is called video codec for aud
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VideoScene (VS) VideoObject (VO) Vi
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The emphasis of MPEG-7 will be the
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Temporal scalability involves parti
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multitude of streams. It can switch
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increased linearly in the absence o
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3.2.2.1 End-to-End Retransmission R
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correctly received block. The missi
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epresent user traffic. The delay ca
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3.2.5 IP Signaling Protocols for Pa
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two H.323 endpoints or between an e
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Chapter 4 4 Adaptive Packet Video T
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4.1.1 Video Classification Model Pr
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attributes can refer to the QoS par
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In RBF, 2 D = X − is the distance
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Figure 4-6: Experiment testbed In t
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190 180 170 End-to-end delay MPEG-4
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Sync Layer. The SL-packetized strea
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conveyed by MIME format parameters
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the same value. This timing informa
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4.2.2.1 Fragmentation We propose to
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Timestamp: Indicates the sampling i
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When G is used as generator matrix,
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4.2.3 Performance Evaluation Intens
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0.3 0.25 our proposal classical app
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lost packet at the receiver. Conseq
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marking scheme. The server must be
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The video server adds audio-visual
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Marker (TR3CM) [131] to mark the ba
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VO1 VO2 AVO Scenario Audio BL EL1 E
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Throughput (Kbits) 3000 2500 2000 1
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Throughput (Kbits) 3000 2500 2000 1
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Page 123 and 124: 45 40 Original Quality Received Qua
Page 125 and 126: Chapter 5 5 A Dynamic Packet Video
Page 127 and 128: The TCM algorithm is based on a tok
Page 129 and 130: BEGIN Initialize the classification
Page 131 and 132: User Profile (Token Bucket) Traffic
Page 133 and 134: 5.3.3 QoS Management Algorithm Spec
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Page 137 and 138: • Filters: to put packets into cl
Page 139 and 140: mechanism associated with the Drop
Page 141 and 142: Figure 5-16: Packets loss with IP D
Page 143 and 144: 5.5.2.3 Experimental Results Figure
Page 145 and 146: 1 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream -AF11 M
Page 147 and 148: 0.2 0.18 MPEG-4 Based Layer Stream
Page 149 and 150: By using our PBNM tool, we allocate
Page 151 and 152: Id Condition Indicator Action 1 Net
Page 153 and 154: The proposed marking algorithm bett
Page 155 and 156: Chapter 6 6 A SIP/MPEG-4 Multimedia
Page 157 and 158: performed by many ways like SLA (Se
Page 159 and 160: 6.1.1.4 SIP Communication Model SIP
Page 161 and 162: • It assign a value (network sess
Page 163 and 164: 6.2.1 SIP2DMIF Subsystem The SIP2DM
Page 165 and 166: Step 1: The MPEG-4 Terminal passes
Page 167 and 168: 1. Set the result C to the empty se
Page 169 and 170: TCP/UDP port, our implementation us
Page 171: Control & Data Plan Video Rate Cont
Page 175 and 176: References [1] Kazaa Media Desktop
Page 177 and 178: [43] B. Schuster, “Fine granular
Page 179 and 180: [79] D. Bansal and H. Balakrishnan,
Page 181 and 182: [115] N. Laoutaris, I. Stavrakakis,
Page 183 and 184: [154] W. Almesberger, J. H. Salim,
Page 185 and 186: Appendix A A Appendix A: Overview o
Page 187 and 188: Media aware Delivery unaware ISO/IE
Page 189 and 190: A.3.3 Scene Description Streams Sce
Page 191: This appendix presents structure ex
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