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ently cited in the literature is assessed
as being underestimated by 27% on the
basis of our sediment rating curve of the
nineteenth-century data. On the basis of
our sampling of suspended load, the
nineteenth-century concentrations are
interpreted to be missing about 18% of
their total mass, which is the proportion
of sediment recovered by a 0.45-mm filter.
The new annual Irrawaddy suspended
sediment load is MT. Our revised
estimate of the annual sediment
load 364 +/- 60 from the Irrawaddy-
Salween system for the nineteenth century
( 600 MT) represents more than half
the present-day Ganges-Brahmaputra
flux to the Indian Ocean. Since major
Chinese rivers have reduced their load
due to damming, the Irrawaddy is likely
the third-largest contributor of sediment
load in the world.
2010010585
现 代 珊 瑚 礁 自 然 形 态 的 统 计 = The statistics
of natural shapes in modern coral
reef landscapes. ( 英 文 ). Purkis S J; Kohler
K E; Riegl B M; Rohmann S O.
Journal of Geology, 2007, 115(5): 493-
508
Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental
characteristic of modern and ancient depositional
settings, and the scaling of
many carbonate environments has been
shown to follow power function distributions.
The difficulty in obtaining information
on the horizontal persistence
of sedimentary lithotopes at the basin
scale has, however, hampered evaluation
of this fact over larger geographic areas.
In recent years, large-scale maps of reef
facies derived from remotely sensed data
have become widely available, allowing
for an analysis of reef-scale map products
from 26 sites spread through four
reef provinces, covering > 7000 km(2)
of shallow-water habitat in the U. S. territorial
Pacific. For each site, facies
maps were decomposed to polygons describing
the perimeter of patches of differing
sedimentologic/ benthic character.
A suite of geospatial metrics quantifying
unit shape, fractal dimension, and frequency-area
relations was applied to investigate
the intra- and intersite variability.
The spatial architecture of these reef
sites displays robust fractal properties
over an extended range of scales with
remarkable consistency between provinces.
These results indicate the possibility
of extrapolating information from
large to small scales in various depositional
environments.
2010010586
印 度 库 茂 恩 和 加 尔 瓦 的 小 喜 马 拉 雅 :
第 一 部 分 构 造 和 地 层 = The Kumaun
and Garwhal Lesser Himalaya, India:
Part 1. Structure and stratigraphy. ( 英 文 ).
Célérier J; Harrison T M; Webb A A G;
Yin An. Geological Society of America
Bulletin, 2009, 121(9-10): 1262-1280
Our understanding of the geologic
evolution of the Himalaya remains incomplete,
particularly in regard to structural
and geochronologic details of the
Proterozoic-Paleozoic Lesser Himalayan
Sequence. We conducted an integrated
field mapping, geochronological study,
and geochemical analysis of the Lesser
Himalayan Sequence strata in the Kumaun
and Garwhal Himalaya of NW India
(78°00'–80°30'E). Structural observations
reveal a systematic change in
deformation styles from lower to higher
structural levels in the Main Central
Thrust footwall. In the south, and at
lower structural levels, the Main Central
Thrust foot-wall is characterized by parallel
folding and sparse development of
axial cleavage. Quartz microstructures
indicate that deformation occurred at
temperatures below 350 °C. In contrast,
in the north and at higher structural levels
close to the Main Central Thrust, deformation
is characterized by replacement
of original bedding, the development
of penetrative cleavage, and schistosity
locally. Folds are tight, in places
isoclinal and overturned. The corresponding
quartz microstructures indicate
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