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in colonial genera beginning between
560-550 MA. The increase in bilaterians
may have been associated with the ability
to exploit food sources in and on the
substrate of shallow water environments.
2010010004
来 自 过 去 的 声 音 : 关 于 古 生 代 与 中 生
代 动 物 声 音 的 综 述 = Voices of the past:
a review of Paleozoic and Mesozoic
animal sounds. ( 英 文 ). Senter P. Historical
Biology, 2008, 20(4): 255-287
Here, I present a review and synthesis
of fossil and neontological evidence to
find major trends in the pre-Cenozoic
evolution of animal acoustic behaviour.
Anatomical, ecological and phylogenetic
data support the following scenario.
Stridulating insects, including crickets,
performed the first terrestrial twilight
choruses during the Triassic. The twilight
chorus was joined by water boatmen
in the Lower Jurassic, anurans in
the Upper Jurassic, geckoes and birds in
the Lower Cretaceous, and cicadas and
crocodilians in the Upper Cretaceous.
Parallel evolution of defensive stridulation
took place multiple times within
Malacostraca, Arachnida and Coleoptera.
Parallel evolution of defensive and
courtship-related sound production took
place in Actinopterygii, possibly as early
as the Devonian. Defensive vocalisations
by tetrapods probably did not appear
until their predators acquired tympanic
ears in the Permian. Tympanic
ears appeared independently in Diadectomorpha,
Seymouriamorpha, Parareptilia,
Diapsida and derived Synapsida.
Crocodilians and birds acquired vocal
organs independently, and there is no
anatomical evidence for vocal ability in
bird-line archosaurs basal to the avian
clade Ornithothoraces. Acoustic displays
by non-avian dinosaurs were therefore
probably non-vocal. Other aspects of the
evolution of acoustic behaviour in these
and other lineages are also discussed.
2010010005
宾 夕 法 尼 亚 州 Buckhorn Asphalt
Quarry 沉 积 相 分 析 与 动 物 群 : 一 个
以 文 石 保 存 的 重 要 的 古 生 代 化 石 库 的
回 顾 与 新 资 料 = Facies and fauna of the
Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt
Quarry deposit: a review and new data
on an important Palaeozoic fossil Lagerstätte
with aragonite preservation. ( 英
文 ). Seuß B; Nützel A; Mapes R H;
Yancey T E. Facies, 2009, 55(4): 609-
645
The Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt
Quarry contains the best-preserved Palaeozoic
mollusc fauna in the world.
Early impregnation of mixed siliciclastic–carbonate
rocks (mudstones, pack to
grainstones, shell beds, and conglomerates)
with hydrocarbons prevented aragonite
destruction (“Impregnation Fossil
Lagerstätte”). The exceptional preservation
comprises shell microstructures,
microornaments and early ontogenetic
shells. Most gastropods had planktotrophic
larval development indicating a
high primary production although the
remains of phytoplankton are very rare
in this and other Late Palaeozoic deposits.
Deposition occurred close to a shallow-water
coastal area. Mass flow processes
(density currents) triggered by
storms were involved in the transport
mechanisms of some units. Shells of
benthic molluscs yield the most diverse
known Palaeozoic microboring assemblage,
indicating at least partly euphotic
conditions. The invertebrate fauna comprises
about 160 species and is dominated
by molluscs, which is unusual for
a Palaeozoic deposit, suggesting that
aragonite dissolution produces a major
bias in the fossil record. However, most
mollusc genera in the Buckhorn deposit
are also known from other Pennsylvanian
occurrences as recrystallised shells.
This shows that preservation bias via
preferential aragonite dissolution may be
overestimated.
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