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ka) Hirabaru Formation, Kyushu, Japan.
Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
revealed the smooth outer surface
of the fossil elytra and five alternating
electron-dense and electron-lucent
layers in the epicuticle. By applying the
matrix method to the epicuticle, three
reflective peaks of wavelengths 388 nm,
544 nm, and 656 nm were computed.
These peaks correspond to the reflective
color observed under white light. Thus,
the coloration of the fossils was caused
by multilayer reflectors of the epicuticle
of the elytra. Pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass
spectrometric analysis
revealed that the fossil elytra have preserved
some of their original macromolecules
(chitin, protein, and amino
acids), which are similar to those of a
related Holocene species. The highporosity
matrix of the peat contains
many fragments of diatoms, indicating
the high productivity of the water column
but a reducing bottom environment.
Slight acidity of the interstitial water
also seems to contribute to the preservation
of some original macromolecules of
fossil insects through geologic time.
2010010050
脊 椎 动 物 陆 地 扩 张 过 程 中 生 境 空 间 形
成 的 机 制 = On the dynamics of the
formation of the niche space during the
exploration of land by vertebrates. ( 英
文 ). Sennikov A G. Paleontological
Journal, 2009, 43(5): 478-482
The dynamics of the formation and
filling the niche space during the exploration
of land by vertebrates and probable
relationships of the packing density
and structural pattern of the niche space
with ecological crises (mass extinctions)
in the geological past are considered.
2010010051
文 德 期 和 早 古 生 代 海 洋 群 落 营 养 结 构
的 发 展 = Development of the trophic
structure of Vendian and Early Paleozoic
marine communities. ( 英 文 ).
Rozhnov S V. Paleontological Journal,
2009, 43(11): 1364-1377 4 图 版 .
Major trophic links are reconstructed
for the Vendian and Early Paleozoic. A
hypothesis of the predominant development
of extracorporeal or skin digestion
in Vendian multicellular consumers is
substantiated. The main food sources
were algal-bacterial films, finely dispersed
debris falling from the photic
zone in cold shallow seas lacking a
thermocline and debris on the surface of
the sediment. Symbiosis with phototrophic
and chemotrophic bacteria was
widespread. Pelagic filtration and filtration
of the near-bottom finely dispersed
organic matter (including bacteria), and
debris-feeding appeared when internal
digestion became widespread in the
Cambrian. These were supplemented in
the Ordovician by feeding on the live
phyto- and zooplankton in the water
column one meter above the bottom. Before
the Ordovician, feeding on live
plankton and more so active predation
on larger multicellular animals was the
exception rather than the rule. The role
of active predators in the biota did not
become more important until the end of
the Silurian. Mass morphogenesis
among occurred multicellular animals as
the amount and diversity of nutritional
and/or spatial resources rapidly increased,
while before that the lack of
these was a limiting factor.
微 体 古 生 物 学
综 论
2010010052
西 南 印 度 洋 中 脊 热 液 羽 状 流 中 微 生 物
化 石 的 发 现 及 意 义 = Discovery of microbial
fossils in hydrothermal plume of
the southwest Indian ridge and its significance.
( 中 文 ). 雷 吉 江 ; 初 凤 友 ; 李 小
虎 ; 于 晓 果 ; 韩 喜 球 ; 陶 春 辉 ; 杨 克 红 . 微
体 古 生 物 学 报 , 2009, 26(1): 39-47 4 图
版 .
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