Neuro Atlas

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Peripheral Nervous System NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Posterior horn Dorsal root ganglion Sensory neuron cell body Dorsal root Anterior horn Motor neuron cell body Ventral root Peripheral nerve Axon Myelin sheath Motor neuron Sensory neuron <strong>Neuro</strong>muscular junction Skin Muscle with © FIGURE 2.14 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM • The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all of the neural elements outside of the CNS (brain and spinal cord) and provides the connections between the CNS and all other body organ systems. The PNS consists of somatic and autonomic components. The somatic component innervates skeletal muscle and skin and is shown here (see Figure 2.15 for the autonomic nervous system). The somatic component of the peripheral nerves contains both motor and sensory axons. Cell bodies of the motor neurons are found in the anterior horn gray matter, whereas the cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the dorsal root ganglia. 65
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Autonomic Nervous System: Schema Oculomotor nerve (III) Facial nerve (VII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Medulla oblongata Vagus nerve (X) Sweat gland Peripheral blood vessel C1 Arrector (smooth) muscle of hair follicle Note: Above three structures are shown at only one level but occur at all levels C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T9 T10 T7 T8 T11 T12 T6 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Note: Blue-shaded S1 areas indicate zones of parasympathetic S2 outflow from CNS S3 S4 S5 Coccygeal Gray rami communicantes Gray and white rami communicantes Gray rami communicantes Greater Lesser Least Lumbar splanchnic nerves ⎧ ⎨ ⎩ Splanchnic nerves Pelvic splanchnic nerves Intracranial vessels Ciliary ganglion Eye Pterygopalatine ganglion Lacrimal glands Otic ganglion Parotid glands Submandibular ganglion Sublingual and submandibular glands Peripheral cranial and facial vessels Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Heart Stomach Liver Gallbladder Bile ducts Pancreas Suprarenal glands Kidneys Intestines Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Prostate External genitalia Urinary bladder Pulmonary plexus Cardiac plexus Celiac ganglion Aorticorenal ganglion Superior mesenteric ganglion Inferior mesenteric ganglion Superior hypogastric plexus Inferior hypogastric plexus Sympathetic fibers Presynaptic Postsynaptic Parasympathetic fibers Presynaptic Postsynaptic Antidromic conduction © FIGURE 2.15 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: SCHEMA • The autonomic nervous system is composed of two divisions: the parasympathetic division derived from four of the cranial nerves (CN III, VII, IX, and X) and the S2-S4 sacral spinal cord levels, and the sympathetic division associated with the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord levels (T1-L2). The autonomic nervous system is a twoneuron chain, with the preganglionic neuron arising from the central nervous system and synapsing on a postganglionic neuron located in 66 a peripheral autonomic ganglion. Postganglionic axons of the autonomic nervous system innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Basically, the sympathetic division mobilizes our body (“fight or flight”) while the parasympathetic division regulates digestive and homeostatic functions. Normally, both divisions work in concert to regulate visceral activity (respiration, cardiovascular function, digestion, and associated glandular activity).
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Atlas of Neuroanatomy and Neurophys
Page 4 and 5:
Foreword Frank Netter: The Physicia
Page 6 and 7:
Part 1 Neuroanatomy Cerebrum—Medi
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Cerebrum: Inferior View NEUROANATOM
Page 10 and 11:
Thalamus NEUROANATOMY Interventricu
Page 12 and 13:
Brainstem NEUROANATOMY Posterolater
Page 14 and 15:
Accessory Nerve (XI): Schema NEUROA
Page 16 and 17:
Arteries to Brain: Schema NEUROANAT
Page 18 and 19:
Cerebral Arterial Circle (Willis) N
Page 20 and 21: Arteries of Brain: Lateral and Medi
Page 22 and 23: Veins of Posterior Cranial Fossa NE
Page 24 and 25: Subependymal Veins of Brain NEUROAN
Page 26 and 27: Arteries and Veins of Hypothalamus
Page 28 and 29: Autonomic Nervous System: General T
Page 30 and 31: Olfactory Nerve (I): Schema NEUROAN
Page 32 and 33: Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV) an
Page 34 and 35: Facial Nerve (VII): Schema NEUROANA
Page 36 and 37: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX): Schema
Page 38 and 39: Accessory Nerve (XI): Schema NEUROA
Page 40 and 41: Nerves of Heart NEUROANATOMY Superi
Page 42 and 43: Nerves of Stomach and Duodenum NEUR
Page 44 and 45: Nerves of Small Intestine NEUROANAT
Page 46 and 47: Nerves of Kidneys, Ureters and Urin
Page 48 and 49: Nerves of Pelvic Viscera: Female NE
Page 50 and 51: Ulnar Nerve NEUROANATOMY Anterior v
Page 52 and 53: Radial Nerve in Forearm NEUROANATOM
Page 54 and 55: Tibial Nerve NEUROANATOMY Tibial ne
Page 56 and 57: Part 2 Neurophysiology Organization
Page 58 and 59: Organization of the Brain: Cell Typ
Page 60 and 61: Synaptic Transmission: Morphology o
Page 62 and 63: Synaptic Transmission: Visceral Eff
Page 64 and 65: Synaptic Transmission: Chemical Syn
Page 66 and 67: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): Brain Ve
Page 68 and 69: Spinal Cord: Ventral Rami NEUROPHYS
Page 72 and 73: Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinerg
Page 74 and 75: Limbic System NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Genu
Page 76 and 77: Descending Motor Pathways NEUROPHYS
Page 78 and 79: Cerebellum: Efferent Pathways NEURO
Page 80 and 81: Cutaneous Receptors: Pacinian Corpu
Page 82 and 83: Proprioception and Reflex Pathways:
Page 84 and 85: Proprioception and Reflex Pathways:
Page 86 and 87: Sensory Pathways: II NEUROPHYSIOLOG
Page 88 and 89: Visual System: Receptors NEUROPHYSI
Page 90 and 91: Auditory System: Cochlea NEUROPHYSI
Page 92 and 93: Vestibular System: Receptors NEUROP
Page 94 and 95: Gustatory (Taste) System: Receptors
Page 96 and 97: Olfactory System: Receptors NEUROPH
Page 98: Installing Adobe Acrobat Reader The
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