Bioenergy Implementation Plan - South-East Regional Authority

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Figure 7.5 Flow Diagram of Biogas Production Heat Slurry Reactor Tank Biogas Organic Waste Digestate Fertilizer Traditionally, reactors operate in two different temperature ranges; mesophilic plants use a digestion temperature of 35-39˚C and thermophilic plants have a digestion temperature of 52-55˚C. The composition of the biomass determines whether the plant should be operated in the mesophilic or the thermophilic temperature area. About one third of the dry matter is converted to biogas. Biogas typically consists of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and the composition is illustrated in Figure 7.6. H2S which is toxic is usually removed from the gas. Methane is the energy carrier and is utilised to produce heat, electricity or both. However, the process energy to operate the plant should be taken into account. The share of biogas used for process energy is dependant on different parameters such as the temperature range of the reactor and the composition of the biomass. Figure 7.6: Content of Biogas 59.5% 40% 0.5% CO 2 CH 4 H 2S south-east regional authority údarás réigiúnach an Oir-DheisCIrt 47
7.4.1. Co-product from Biogas Production The digestate from biogas production can be used as an agricultural fertiliser. It has several advantages over raw slurry: it is more homogeneous, the nitrogen availability is higher, the penetration of nitrogen to ground water is reduced, and the odour is significantly reduced. In the case of excess of nutrients in an agricultural area, nutrients may be separated from the digested slurry and exported out of the area. However, a suitable storage of this co-product is necessary as the risk of nitrogen loss is high due to the evaporation of ammonia. Thus, some sort of cover which prevents contact between the atmosphere and the digestate is essential. Two different biogas productions are briefly introduced below: • Farm Scale Biogas Production • Centralised Biogas Production. In Europe, the trend in biogas plants is towards larger plants due to the economies of scale of the technology, i.e. larger farm-scale biogas plants as well as larger centralised biogas plants. 7.4.2. Farm-Scale Biogas Production In the case of farm-scale biogas production the feedstock originates from agricultural waste from one holding and, if convenient, also from a neighbouring farm. Industrial or municipal organic waste can be added to increase the biogas production. In a farm scale production about 25% of the total gas production is used as heat and electricity to operate the plant. Typically 25,000 tonnes of slurry, to which organic waste should be added, are treated on an annual basis in a small scale biogas production. This corresponds to about 530,000m 3 of biogas per year. The technology is considered to be mature. 7.4.3. Centralised Biogas Production In the case of centralised biogas production slurry is supplied from several holdings in the local area. Additionally the plant may be supplied with different types of organic waste, which can include some of the following: waste from slaughterhouses and the food industry, wastewater sludge and sorted organic waste from domestic households. After processing the digestate is divided between the different suppliers and can be used as an agricultural fertilizer. About 16 % of the total biogas production in a centralised plant corresponds to the heat and electricity necessary to operate the plant and to transport the manure to and from the different holdings. The process energy’s share of the total production is relatively less than for a farm scale production, indicating that centralised production is more efficient. Surplus electricity is delivered to the national grid, while surplus heat is generally used for district heating purposes. 48 south-east regional authority údarás réigiúnach an Oir-DheisCIrt
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south-east regional authority údar
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South Tipperary Tipperary Cahir Cas
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FOREWORD Energy policy has become i
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Regional targets have been set for
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Transport Sector Green Biofuels Ire
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Heat Sector Targets Key Actions Pub
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3.4.3. Refit 21 3.4.4. CHP Deployme
Page 15 and 16: 11. Statutory Requirements For Bioe
Page 17 and 18: ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS TO toe MW
Page 19 and 20: LFG LPG MJ MOT MOTR MSW Mt MW MWh N
Page 21 and 22: 1. INTRODUCTION Energy security and
Page 23 and 24: 1.1. Bioenergy Bioenergy is the gen
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 5 contains the current esti
Page 27 and 28: SERA, since its establishment, has
Page 29 and 30: the negotiation of energy supply co
Page 31 and 32: The current programme aims to: •
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.1: Summary of Bioenergy Po
Page 35 and 36: The Directive aims to promote the u
Page 37 and 38: The main provisions of the Bioenerg
Page 39 and 40: By mid-2007 almost 14,000 applicati
Page 41 and 42: On 23rd November 2006 the DCENR ann
Page 43 and 44: 4. METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
Page 45 and 46: 5. CURRENT ENERGY BALANCE An estima
Page 47 and 48: Table 5.3 outlines the current esti
Page 49 and 50: The figures for 2006 had been relea
Page 51 and 52: 5.7. The Agricultural Sector The to
Page 53 and 54: Sugar Beet and Cereals Sugar beet a
Page 55 and 56: Table 6.2 shows the current planted
Page 57 and 58: of energy. The first round of appli
Page 59 and 60: The South-East Waste Management Reg
Page 61 and 62: 6.8.3. Potential to Increase Willow
Page 63 and 64: 7.1.2. Wood Pellets Figure 7.2: Flo
Page 65: of the cereal and the latter can be
Page 69 and 70: 8.1.2. Medium-Scale Heating Boilers
Page 71 and 72: Figure 8.2: Combined Heat and Power
Page 73 and 74: The different application and distr
Page 75 and 76: 8.4. Petrol Vehicles Bioethanol can
Page 77 and 78: 9. VIABILITY ANALYSES OF BIOENERGY
Page 79 and 80: In the transport sector the use of
Page 81 and 82: Private companies normally require
Page 83 and 84: The conclusions from the viability
Page 85 and 86: The investment costs for a wood chi
Page 87 and 88: 9.5. Qualitative Assessments of oth
Page 89 and 90: 9.6. Summary of the Bioenergy Poten
Page 91 and 92: 10. BARRIER ASSESSMENT Despite a la
Page 93 and 94: another. The successful implementat
Page 95 and 96: 11. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR BIOE
Page 97 and 98: (c) a description of the likely sig
Page 99 and 100: The key objective of this Regulatio
Page 101 and 102: 12. BIOENERGY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN F
Page 103 and 104: These targets were suggested, based
Page 105 and 106: 12.3.1. Achieving the 2010 Sectoral
Page 107 and 108: Table 12.8: Sectoral Targets for 20
Page 109 and 110: 6. Successful achievement of Region
Page 111 and 112: 3. Promote Awareness of the Potenti
Page 113 and 114: 5. Electricity Sector: To increase
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Appendices south-east regional auth
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SEI Approved Installers in the Sout
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Project: Technology: Project Summar
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Project: Technology: Project Summar
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Assumptions Regarding Fuel The fuel
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For the analysis of wood fuel based
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Kilkenny County Council Waterford C
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SOUTH-EAST REGIONAL AUTHORITY, ÚDA
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Bioenergy Implementation Plan - South-East Regional Authority

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