Bioenergy Implementation Plan - South-East Regional Authority

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Wood fuel storage Fuel storage to reduce risk of fuel supply shortage. Fuel treatment Before the fuel is supplied to the boiler it is screened and crushed. Steam boiler The fuel is supplied to the boiler and high pressure steam is produced. The bottom ash is extracted and disposed of. Various types of furnace technology are available – such as grate firing, suspension firing and fluidised bed. Turbine The high pressure steam drives the turbine, which in turn drives the electricity generator. Heat exchanger The low pressure steam is cooled and condensed by the district heating system. Thereby the waste heat from the electricity production is utilised in the district heating system. Flue gas treatment Fly ash is the part of ash which remains in the flue gas after the boiler. Different types of cleaning equipment are available, e.g. Multicyclone, bag filter or electrostatic precipitator (ESP). In the plant illustrated in Figure 9.3 ESP is applied. Usually the plant size is determined by the heat demand that must be met by the CHP-Plant. Plant sizes typically range from 5 to 20 MW. Fossil fuel-fired CHP technology is well established and available in the South-East Region and its deployment is being encouraged by the SEI CHP Deployment Programme which supports the use of small-scale fossil-fired CHP applications ranging from 50 kW to 1MW. However, this Program has not so far supported CHP, based on solid biomass. SEI will, however, shortly launch a support programme for biomass-fired CHP-Plants and AD-based CHP-Plants. This Scheme, which is expected to be introduced by the end of Summer 2007, will provide financial assistance for the installation of these bioenergy technologies across the State. The Scheme is expected to provide assistance of up to 35% of the installation costs. 8.2.2. Biogas CHP Engines Biogas energy can be converted to electricity and heat. The waste heat can be utilised in either a district heating system or for process heating purposes. The utilisation of biogas in a combustion engine is a reliable and proven technology. Typical capacities for a biogas CHP engine are within the range of 5 kW to 8 MW. It is possible to operate at part load although with slightly decreased electricity efficiencies. On a farm plant the electricity can be sold to the national grid and the heat is used in the process of biogas production and to heat the farm buildings. At a centralised plant the electricity is also sold to the grid but the heat can be distributed to the neighbourhood in a district heating system. south-east regional authority údarás réigiúnach an Oir-DheisCIrt 53
The different application and distribution possibilities are illustrated in Figure 8.4 below. Figure 8.4: Diagram of Biogas Application Biogas CHP Gas Engine Located at Farm CHP Gas Engine Central Location Heating Purposes at Farm Electricity to Grid District Heating to Society 8.3. The Transport Sector The predominant application of biofuels for the common transportation fleet in the South-East Region is as blends with conventional diesel and petrol. The main advantage of blends, compared with pure biofuels, is that existing transportation fuel specifications can be met, so the fuel can be used in all vehicles without adaptations to the engines. Pure biofuels, such as PPO, are also produced and used in the Region in a number of captive fleets with engine conversions. 8.3.1. Biofuel Blends A number of European Directives cover the technical requirements, including the chemical composition, for petrol and diesel.( 37,38 ) Diesel must meet the EN590 European standard for diesel. EN590 allows the blending of diesel with up to 5% biodiesel, providing the biodiesel used meets the EN 14214:2001 specification, also referred to as the FAME specification. Bioethanol is available as E85, which is an 85% blend of bioethanol with conventional petrol, or more generally as E5 which is a 5% blend of bioethanol with petrol. If bioethanol is converted to ETBE (ethyl-tertiary-butyl-ether) a 15% blend can be used, which is equal to 7% bioethanol.( 39 ) Biofuel blends of greater than 5% are required to be clearly labelled at the point of sale. 8.3.2. Infrastructure and Distribution of Biofuels The requirements in relation to biofuel distribution infrastructure depend on the user demand. Users may be grouped into regional and interregional users. Regional users are characterised as users within the Region with the ability to refuel at the same site when required. Examples of these consumers are regional carriers, public transportation such as buses or local authority functions such as home help or health visitors. Filling possibilities can, in this context, be made in several ways: individual filling 54 south-east regional authority údarás réigiúnach an Oir-DheisCIrt
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south-east regional authority údar
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South Tipperary Tipperary Cahir Cas
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FOREWORD Energy policy has become i
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Regional targets have been set for
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Transport Sector Green Biofuels Ire
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Heat Sector Targets Key Actions Pub
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3.4.3. Refit 21 3.4.4. CHP Deployme
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11. Statutory Requirements For Bioe
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ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS TO toe MW
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LFG LPG MJ MOT MOTR MSW Mt MW MWh N
Page 21 and 22: 1. INTRODUCTION Energy security and
Page 23 and 24: 1.1. Bioenergy Bioenergy is the gen
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 5 contains the current esti
Page 27 and 28: SERA, since its establishment, has
Page 29 and 30: the negotiation of energy supply co
Page 31 and 32: The current programme aims to: •
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3.1: Summary of Bioenergy Po
Page 35 and 36: The Directive aims to promote the u
Page 37 and 38: The main provisions of the Bioenerg
Page 39 and 40: By mid-2007 almost 14,000 applicati
Page 41 and 42: On 23rd November 2006 the DCENR ann
Page 43 and 44: 4. METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
Page 45 and 46: 5. CURRENT ENERGY BALANCE An estima
Page 47 and 48: Table 5.3 outlines the current esti
Page 49 and 50: The figures for 2006 had been relea
Page 51 and 52: 5.7. The Agricultural Sector The to
Page 53 and 54: Sugar Beet and Cereals Sugar beet a
Page 55 and 56: Table 6.2 shows the current planted
Page 57 and 58: of energy. The first round of appli
Page 59 and 60: The South-East Waste Management Reg
Page 61 and 62: 6.8.3. Potential to Increase Willow
Page 63 and 64: 7.1.2. Wood Pellets Figure 7.2: Flo
Page 65 and 66: of the cereal and the latter can be
Page 67 and 68: 7.4.1. Co-product from Biogas Produ
Page 69 and 70: 8.1.2. Medium-Scale Heating Boilers
Page 71: Figure 8.2: Combined Heat and Power
Page 75 and 76: 8.4. Petrol Vehicles Bioethanol can
Page 77 and 78: 9. VIABILITY ANALYSES OF BIOENERGY
Page 79 and 80: In the transport sector the use of
Page 81 and 82: Private companies normally require
Page 83 and 84: The conclusions from the viability
Page 85 and 86: The investment costs for a wood chi
Page 87 and 88: 9.5. Qualitative Assessments of oth
Page 89 and 90: 9.6. Summary of the Bioenergy Poten
Page 91 and 92: 10. BARRIER ASSESSMENT Despite a la
Page 93 and 94: another. The successful implementat
Page 95 and 96: 11. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR BIOE
Page 97 and 98: (c) a description of the likely sig
Page 99 and 100: The key objective of this Regulatio
Page 101 and 102: 12. BIOENERGY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN F
Page 103 and 104: These targets were suggested, based
Page 105 and 106: 12.3.1. Achieving the 2010 Sectoral
Page 107 and 108: Table 12.8: Sectoral Targets for 20
Page 109 and 110: 6. Successful achievement of Region
Page 111 and 112: 3. Promote Awareness of the Potenti
Page 113 and 114: 5. Electricity Sector: To increase
Page 116 and 117: Appendices south-east regional auth
Page 118 and 119: SEI Approved Installers in the Sout
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SEI Approved Installers in the Sout
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SEI Approved Installers in the Sout
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Project: Technology: Project Summar
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Project: Technology: Project Summar
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Assumptions Regarding Fuel The fuel
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For the analysis of wood fuel based
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Kilkenny County Council Waterford C
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SOUTH-EAST REGIONAL AUTHORITY, ÚDA
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Bioenergy Implementation Plan - South-East Regional Authority

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