Assessing the economic impacts of nature based tourism in Scotland

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the geographical area of impact being considered. Guidance to researchers is required in this – partly to avoid pressure from clients to exaggerate net impacts. As discussed in this report, displacement of expenditure by people normally resident in an area who take part in an activity is not simply 100%. Often, it will be closer to 50% than to 100%. Activities e.g. skiing and supplementary purchases during their trip will displace discretionary spending from their annual income rather than spending on “essentials.” Much of this discretionary income would otherwise be spent on holidays or day trips outwith the area/Scotland, internet purchases, etc or be saved for future purchases. Supermarket shopping locally, etc creates far less local value added (or value added in Scotland) than relatively labour-intensive activity provision. As noted on Page 7, displacement is normally higher for day trippers than overnight stay Scottish residents in Scotland (e.g. a nature watching day trip might displace a day trip to a castle). Nevertheless, all day trip expenditure by Scottish residents in Scotland for nature-related activities over a year will be less than 100% displaced for the reasons given above. Data on employment in sectors and sub-sectors that most closely equate to tourism should not be used to measure tourism-related employment in preference to visitor expenditure : FTE employment ratios. Recommendation 3: There is a need to improve the quality of estimates of the employment and associated income from tourism and sub-sectors of tourism (including nature-based tourism) – both for Scotland as a whole and for areas within Scotland. 14.4 Establish impacts for particular types of locations Our research suggests that places most associated with nature based tourist activities include forests, the coast, lochs and rivers, mountains and other spectacular scenery. Often these places are designated as National Park, National Scenic Area, regional park or similarly protected area at a local or regional level. In order to maintain and enhance the value of these designated places for tourism it is important to understand their economic contribution. Many of these areas qualify for agricultural and land use support, with incentives and payments linked to maintaining rural ‘public goods’ such as scenery, biodiversity and wildness in good condition. Such areas were identified in the System Three Tourism Attitudes Survey 1999, where 49% of visitors mentioned specific aspects of the natural heritage as the main attractions influencing their decision to visit Scotland. Table 53 - Main locations influencing visitors’ decision to visit Scotland Natural Heritage locations Main attraction Landscape/countryside/rugged scenery 30% Mountains/hills 10% Lochs and rivers 4% Nature and wildlife 3% Coast and seaside 2% Total 49% 89
Recommendation 4: It would be desirable to assess nature based tourism values for different types of location. It would be too challenging to attempt this at habitat level, but estimating values for National Parks, NSAs, etc would assist in management planning. 90
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Scottish Natural Heritage Commissio
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COMMISSIONED REPORT Summary Assessi
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7 CYCLING 45 7.1 Mountain biking 45
Page 7 and 8:
List of Tables Page Table 1 - Natur
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1.3 Nature-based tourism For the pu
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market and accounts for 83% of tour
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expenditure during these trips was
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nature site • . Were this spend t
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Team members already held many rele
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2.3.2 Assessing employment and inco
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• Common resources, which are use
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4 FIELD SPORTS The findings from th
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4.2 Deer management The Contributio
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Table 11 - Deer Management in Scotl
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• Sea angling questions incorpora
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4.6 Other studies • The trips mos
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3. The Economic Impact of Game and
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5 WILDLIFE WATCHING 5.1 Wildlife to
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These impacts appear to us to be ov
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Wildlife watching Substantial but n
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• Abseiling - allows safe descent
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Client: HIE, SNH and VisitScotland
Page 45 and 46: those who said they were walking al
Page 47 and 48: oute was estimated to be in the reg
Page 49 and 50: participants, though in terms of vo
Page 51 and 52: Visit Scotland (2009) provides a fi
Page 53 and 54: This evaluation assessed the ultima
Page 55 and 56: For these motivational reasons, Gre
Page 57 and 58: 8 HORSE RIDING 8.1 Equestrian sport
Page 59 and 60: 9 WATERSPORTS Some watersports can
Page 61 and 62: Watersports are defined in this rep
Page 63 and 64: The methodology resulted in small s
Page 65 and 66: 10 NATURE-RELATED SITES AND FACILIT
Page 67 and 68: Forest Table 29 - Mean spend per tr
Page 69 and 70: Scotland’s canals: the economic e
Page 71 and 72: once displacement is allowed for -
Page 73 and 74: explore the issues they saw as bein
Page 75 and 76: Recent visitor surveys in Orkney (A
Page 77 and 78: Table 45 - UK visitor activities un
Page 79 and 80: 12 THE NATURAL HERITAGE IN SCOTLAND
Page 81 and 82: 12.4 International marketing Intern
Page 83 and 84: Scotland’s NNR Magical Places Ama
Page 85 and 86: 13 PAN-SCOTLAND ANALYSIS 13.1 Reaso
Page 87 and 88: Table 49 - Value of tourism outside
Page 89 and 90: The total of which this contributio
Page 91 and 92: Similarly, it is not possible to sp
Page 93 and 94: Table 52 - Estimated Impacts by act
Page 95: 14 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESE
Page 99 and 100: George Street Research and Jones Ec
Page 101 and 102: Press and Journal. 2010. Tourists g
Page 103 and 104: Appendix A: Categories of Natural H
Page 105 and 106: • (Mixed - 19%) The types of walk
Page 107 and 108: Cycling Segments Scott Porter’s 2
Page 109 and 110: aqua / snorkelling) or on longer ho
Page 111 and 112: Appendix B - Methodological Notes 1
Page 113: www.snh.gov.uk © Scottish Natural
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Assessing the economic impacts of nature based tourism in Scotland

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