Equipment for Rational Securing of Cargo on Railway ... - Vinnova

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MariTerm AB 2004-01-30 jvgRASLA a t = µ ⋅ ( a + g) v µ ⋅ 2⋅n ⋅ F ⋅sinα + = m = 0.3⋅ ( − 3 + 9.81) 0.3⋅ 2⋅ 2⋅ + o ( 1000 + 700) ⋅sin 45 2 5000 = 2.3 m / s The largest allowed transverse acceleration is 2.3 m/s 2 according to the calculations above. When discarding from the vertical acceleration the following <strong>for</strong>mula is derived: o ( 1000 + 700) ⋅ sin 45 2 µ ⋅ 2 ⋅ n ⋅ F ⋅sinα 0.3⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ a t = µ ⋅ g + = 0.3⋅9.81+ = 3.2 m / s m 5000 The largest allowed transverse acceleration when the vertical acceleration is set to zero is 3.2 m/s 2 according to the calculations above. 5.11.3 Summery The cargo can be exposed to accelerations <strong>of</strong> up to 2.3 m/s 2 in transverse direction when a vertical acceleration <strong>of</strong> –3 m/s 2 acts and 3.2 m/s 2 when there is none. In this example the largest allowed transverse acceleration <strong>for</strong> the specific guidelines reaches about 45% <strong>of</strong> the general guidelines. 5.12 Steel sections 5.12.1 Purpose The purpose is to analyse at what magnitude <strong>of</strong> acceleration a steel sections starts to slide when secured according to UIC (RIV Appendix II, Section 2, Loading guidelines 1.6.1) the steel sections can be placed directly on the wagon floor as long as they are lying flange side down as shown below. Steel section Stanchion 112
MariTerm AB 2004-01-30 jvgRASLA The purpose <strong>of</strong> lying the steel sections flange down is to increase the friction against the wagon floor. In this analysis the coefficient <strong>of</strong> friction will still be the minimum 0.3. 5.12.2 Loading guidelines According to the guidelines, steel sections lying flange down require no additional securing. The figure below shows an arrangement <strong>of</strong> H-beams stacked on top <strong>of</strong> each other. Since the effective height <strong>of</strong> the stanchions above the steel bars is more than 10 cm, the sections would not need any additional securing. Steel section Stanchion The picture below shows an example <strong>of</strong> how H-beams may be stacked in accordance with the UIC guidelines. 113
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