English Grammar Drills

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Noun Clauses 103 When we hear or read the noun clause what he said, we understand that what is playing the role of the now missing object of the verb said. In other words, we automatically interpret the whword as filling a gap in the clause. Here is a second example, only this time the whword is the adverb where: I know they went where. Rule 2 requires us to move the whword to the beginning of the noun clause: I know where they went ∅. When we hear or read the noun clause where they went, we understand that where is playing the role of a missing adverb at the end of the clause. Here is an example of a wh-word in each of the four possible roles: Wh- word as subject I know who you are. In this case only, Rule 2 is meaningless or invalid, depending on how you look at it, because the whword is already in the first position of the noun clause. Wh- word as object of a verb I know you mean whom. ⇒ I know whom you mean ∅. Wh- word as object of a preposition I know you spoke to whom. ⇒ I know whom you spoke to ∅. In very formal written <strong>English</strong>, to would move with whom to the beginning of the clause: I know you spoke to whom. ⇒ I know to whom you spoke ∅. Wh- word as predicate nominative I know the outcome was what. ⇒ I know what the outcome was ∅. Wh- word as adverb of time I know you left when. ⇒ I know when you left ∅. Wh- word as adverb of place I know you went where. ⇒ I know where you went ∅.
104 Noun Phrases Wh- word as adverb of cause I know you did it why. ⇒ I know why you did it ∅. Wh- word as adverb of manner I know you did it how. ⇒ I know how you did it ∅. Exercise 7.6 Use Rule 2 to move the whword to the beginning of the noun clause. Mark the gap where the whword came from with ∅. We discussed they were doing the job how. We discussed how they were doing the job ∅. 1. I told them I needed what. 2. We did what seemed to please them. 3. The police asked them they did it why. 4. The only thing that counts is you actually do what. 5. I was really impressed by you were trying to accomplish what. 6. You can make it whenever will be fine with us. 7. I can’t remember it was whose suggestion. 8. We were confused by they said what.
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS Mark Lester
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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Preface This book focuses on the gr
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PART 1 Noun Phrases
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1 Nouns Proper and common nouns The
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Count nouns Nouns 5 Most count noun
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Nouns 7 Singular fly toy Plural fli
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Nouns 9 on the pronunciation of the
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Nouns 11 thief wolf thieves wolves
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Nouns 13 cheese (noncount): cheese
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Nouns 15 that the -s’ with these
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Nouns 17 Exercise 1.7 Write the plu
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Adjectives 19 1. It always immediat
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Adjectives 21 3. fast/all fast: all
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Adjectives 23 -Y Base Comparative S
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Adjectives 25 13. physical 14. stra
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3 Articles Articles are by far the
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Articles 29 The use of the definite
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Articles 31 In the first example, w
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Articles 33 This is the first time
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Articles 35 4. Go down Elm Street a
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Articles 37 1. When the speaker doe
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Articles 39 Exercise 3.6 Fill in th
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Articles 41 Dogs are usually protec
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Articles 43 4. Can you get bread an
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Post-Noun Modifiers 45 The tall you
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Post-Noun Modifiers 47 beyond betwe
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Post-Noun Modifiers 49 As you can s
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Post-Noun Modifiers 51 We interview
Page 62 and 63: Post-Noun Modifiers 53 In this sent
Page 64 and 65: Post-Noun Modifiers 55 In the follo
Page 66 and 67: Post-Noun Modifiers 57 13. The key
Page 68 and 69: Post-Noun Modifiers 59 12. They ide
Page 70 and 71: Post-Noun Modifiers 61 1. The Shake
Page 72 and 73: Post-Noun Modifiers 63 1. By far th
Page 74 and 75: Post-Noun Modifiers 65 Since we typ
Page 76 and 77: 5 Pronouns In this chapter we will
Page 78 and 79: Pronouns 69 Object Him: Her: It: Th
Page 80 and 81: Pronouns 71 Subject: Object: Comple
Page 82 and 83: Pronouns 73 Of the two solutions, t
Page 84 and 85: Reflexive pronouns Pronouns 75 Refl
Page 86 and 87: Pronouns 77 4. I told them that I w
Page 88 and 89: Pronouns 79 4. I couldn’t help sm
Page 90 and 91: Gerunds and Infinitives 81 Exercise
Page 92 and 93: Gerunds and Infinitives 83 it Don
Page 94 and 95: Gerunds and Infinitives 85 Gerund:
Page 96 and 97: Gerunds and Infinitives 87 Infiniti
Page 98 and 99: Gerunds and Infinitives 89 13. The
Page 100 and 101: 7 Noun Clauses Noun clauses are dep
Page 102 and 103: Noun Clauses 93 Predicate nominativ
Page 104 and 105: Noun Clauses 95 1. That it was over
Page 106 and 107: Noun Clauses 97 3. The experiment t
Page 108 and 109: Wh- clauses Noun Clauses 99 The sec
Page 110 and 111: Noun Clauses 101 it The question is
Page 114 and 115: Noun Clauses 105 9. My friends were
Page 116 and 117: Noun Clauses 107 5. They were natur
Page 118 and 119: PART 2 Verb Phrases
Page 120 and 121: 8 Basic Verb Forms This chapter dea
Page 122 and 123: Basic Verb Forms 113 We can show th
Page 124 and 125: Present tense Basic Verb Forms 115
Page 126 and 127: Basic Verb Forms 117 The third-pers
Page 128 and 129: Basic Verb Forms 119 16. show 17. f
Page 130 and 131: Basic Verb Forms 121 12. approach 1
Page 132 and 133: Basic Verb Forms 123 Base hop rob r
Page 134 and 135: Present participle Basic Verb Forms
Page 136 and 137: Basic Verb Forms 127 fly freeze hid
Page 138 and 139: 9 Verb Tenses This chapter deals wi
Page 140 and 141: Verb Tenses 131 Been is a helping v
Page 142 and 143: Verb Tenses 133 The present tense i
Page 144 and 145: Verb Tenses 135 The use of the past
Page 146 and 147: Verb Tenses 137 past tense present
Page 148 and 149: Verb Tenses 139 The audience took t
Page 150 and 151: Verb Tenses 141 The train leave the
Page 152 and 153: Verb Tenses 143 The practical diffe
Page 154 and 155: Verb Tenses 145 12. The design cons
Page 156 and 157: Future progressive Verb Tenses 147
Page 158 and 159: Simple Verb Complements 149 In this
Page 160 and 161: Simple Verb Complements 151 The old
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Simple Verb Complements 153 it I ne
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Simple Verb Complements 155 Even mo
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Simple Verb Complements 157 The obv
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Simple Verb Complements 159 14. We
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Simple Verb Complements 161 3. The
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Simple Verb Complements 163 14. Our
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Simple Verb Complements 165 1. The
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11 Multiple Verb Complements A comp
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Multiple Verb Complements 169 6. Pa
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Multiple Verb Complements 171 1. My
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Multiple Verb Complements 173 In bo
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Multiple Verb Complements 175 8. Th
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Multiple Verb Complements 177 He dr
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Multiple Verb Complements 179 8. Th
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Multiple Verb Complements 181 That
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Multiple Verb Complements 183 Even
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Multiple Verb Complements 185 causa
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Multiple Verb Complements 187 Exerc
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Multiple Verb Complements 189 Objec
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Multiple Verb Complements 191 14. I
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Adverbs 193 3. now 4. also 5. even
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Adverbs 195 honest jealous last qui
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Adverbs 197 Adjectives due gay true
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Adverbs 199 completely The plan was
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Adverbs 201 Exercise 12.5 Underline
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Adverbs 203 Sub Conj statement I’
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Adverbs 205 Adverb infinitive phras
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Adverbs 207 Adverbs of place (singl
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Order of adverbs Adverbs 209 There
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Adverbs 211 14. to get any real com
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PART 3 Sentences
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13 Questions and Negatives Every la
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Questions and Negatives 217 The bas
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Questions and Negatives 219 2. You
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Questions and Negatives 221 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 223 3. That
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Questions and Negatives 225 8. The
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Questions and Negatives 227 Noun ph
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Questions and Negatives 229 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 231 11. He
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Questions and Negatives 233 3. The
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Questions and Negatives 235 5. Why
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Questions and Negatives 237 Here is
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Questions and Negatives 239 7. I am
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Questions and Negatives 241 Exercis
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Questions and Negatives 243 changes
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Questions and Negatives 245 Often a
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Questions and Negatives 247 Exercis
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14 The Passive In most sentences, t
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The Passive 251 3. Finally, the mys
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The Passive 253 McGraw-Hill publish
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The Passive 255 Active: Passive: Mo
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The Passive 257 10. They are talkin
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15 Indirect Quotation There are two
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Indirect Quotation 261 Present prog
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Indirect Quotation 263 3. Rudy said
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Indirect Quotation 265 In many lang
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Indirect Quotation 267 4. They aske
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Indirect Quotation 269 Exercise 15.
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Final Review 271 Exercise 16.2 (Cha
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Final Review 273 4. Be careful, the
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Final Review 275 Exercise 16.9 (Cha
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Final Review 277 5. The students co
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Final Review 279 Exercise 16.16 (Ch
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Final Review 281 9. I certainly sym
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Final Review 283 4. reply 5. ship 6
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Final Review 285 6. We go for a swi
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Final Review 287 8. She dressed up
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Final Review 289 2. What book have
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Final Review 291 8. After the prese
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Final Review 293 Exercise 16.34 (Ch
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Answer Key Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 1
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Answer Key 297 Exercise 2.3 1. capa
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Answer Key 299 Chapter 4 Exercise 4
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Answer Key 301 4. that you can wear
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Answer Key 303 Exercise 6.2 1. Putt
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Answer Key 305 using his hands. 4.
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Answer Key 307 Chapter 9 Exercise 9
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Answer Key 309 Exercise 10.4 1. Ins
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Answer Key 311 of State for Latin A
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Answer Key 313 Exercise 11.13 1. Ob
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Answer Key 315 last ice storm, the
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Answer Key 317 Exercise 13.6 1. ∅
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Answer Key 319 Chapter 14 Exercise
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Answer Key 321 of her car yet. 9. A
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Answer Key 323 Exercise 16.12 1. my
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Answer Key 325 Exercise 16.25 1. vi
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English Grammar Drills

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