English Grammar Drills

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Verb Tenses 137 past tense present perfect Last year, John had an accident that has totally changed his life. The accident was a one-time only event in the past. The accident is over and done with, so it was reported in the past tense. However, the consequences of the accident are not tied to that past moment of time; they have continued on to the present. Therefore, the present perfect is appropriate to describe the ongoing nature of the consequences. Exercise 9.3 Select either the past tense or the present perfect form in the following sentences. The children behaved/have behaved well since they stopped watching so much TV. 1. Mr. Brown left/has left last week for a business trip. 2. Sam lost/has lost his car keys and can’t get home. 3. The choir sang/has sung that song a hundred times. 4. The garage had/has had my car for a week now, and it still isn’t fixed. 5. We moved/have moved there ten years ago. 6. We lived/have lived there ever since. 7. We lost/have lost the power about noon. 8. Let’s go to the arrival section—the plane landed/has landed a few minutes ago. 9. I went/have gone to Duke University a few years ago. 10. The city permitted/has permitted parking on that street for years. 11. After the interview, the personnel director showed/has shown me the cafeteria. 12. I complained/have complained about that problem a dozen times. 13. Last winter, my grandmother fell/has fallen and broke her hip. 14. Since the train strike began, I drove/have driven to work every day. 15. I drove/have driven my wife’s car to work this morning.
138 Verb Phrases Past perfect The past perfect consists of had followed by a verb in the past participle form. The past perfect is used to emphasize that a past-time action or event was completed prior to some more recent (but still past) action or event. Here are some examples: past perfect past They had already graduated before they got married. past perfect past I had left by the time I got their message. past perfect I had been an intern with them for a year before they made me a permanent offer. past perfect past They had had a big fight before they broke up. past In all the examples that we have looked at so far, the verb in the past perfect form has preceded the verb in the past-tense form. This sequence seems perfectly logical since the past perfect event has to occur before the second past-tense event occurs. Logical it may be, but that is not the way <strong>English</strong> works. In fact, the two events can be presented in either order. Here is an example of the same sentence in both orders: past perfect past He had taken out a life insurance policy before he died. past past perfect Before he died, he had taken out a life insurance policy. The fact that we cannot count on the past perfect event being presented before the more recent past time event makes using the past perfect a great deal more difficult. Exercise 9.4 In the following sentences, the verbs in italics are all in the base form. The verbs are used to describe two past-time events, one of which precedes the other. Change the verb whose action takes place first into the past perfect form. Change the verb whose action takes place later into the past-tense form. Remember that the two events can occur in either order in the sentence.
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS Mark Lester
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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Preface This book focuses on the gr
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PART 1 Noun Phrases
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1 Nouns Proper and common nouns The
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Count nouns Nouns 5 Most count noun
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Nouns 7 Singular fly toy Plural fli
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Nouns 9 on the pronunciation of the
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Nouns 11 thief wolf thieves wolves
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Nouns 13 cheese (noncount): cheese
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Nouns 15 that the -s’ with these
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Nouns 17 Exercise 1.7 Write the plu
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Adjectives 19 1. It always immediat
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Adjectives 21 3. fast/all fast: all
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Adjectives 23 -Y Base Comparative S
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Adjectives 25 13. physical 14. stra
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3 Articles Articles are by far the
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Articles 29 The use of the definite
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Articles 31 In the first example, w
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Articles 33 This is the first time
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Articles 35 4. Go down Elm Street a
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Articles 37 1. When the speaker doe
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Articles 39 Exercise 3.6 Fill in th
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Articles 41 Dogs are usually protec
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Articles 43 4. Can you get bread an
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Post-Noun Modifiers 45 The tall you
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Post-Noun Modifiers 47 beyond betwe
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Post-Noun Modifiers 49 As you can s
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Post-Noun Modifiers 51 We interview
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Post-Noun Modifiers 53 In this sent
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Post-Noun Modifiers 55 In the follo
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Post-Noun Modifiers 57 13. The key
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Post-Noun Modifiers 59 12. They ide
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Post-Noun Modifiers 61 1. The Shake
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Post-Noun Modifiers 63 1. By far th
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Post-Noun Modifiers 65 Since we typ
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5 Pronouns In this chapter we will
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Pronouns 69 Object Him: Her: It: Th
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Pronouns 71 Subject: Object: Comple
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Pronouns 73 Of the two solutions, t
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Reflexive pronouns Pronouns 75 Refl
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Pronouns 77 4. I told them that I w
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Pronouns 79 4. I couldn’t help sm
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Gerunds and Infinitives 81 Exercise
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Gerunds and Infinitives 83 it Don
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Gerunds and Infinitives 85 Gerund:
Page 96 and 97: Gerunds and Infinitives 87 Infiniti
Page 98 and 99: Gerunds and Infinitives 89 13. The
Page 100 and 101: 7 Noun Clauses Noun clauses are dep
Page 102 and 103: Noun Clauses 93 Predicate nominativ
Page 104 and 105: Noun Clauses 95 1. That it was over
Page 106 and 107: Noun Clauses 97 3. The experiment t
Page 108 and 109: Wh- clauses Noun Clauses 99 The sec
Page 110 and 111: Noun Clauses 101 it The question is
Page 112 and 113: Noun Clauses 103 When we hear or re
Page 114 and 115: Noun Clauses 105 9. My friends were
Page 116 and 117: Noun Clauses 107 5. They were natur
Page 118 and 119: PART 2 Verb Phrases
Page 120 and 121: 8 Basic Verb Forms This chapter dea
Page 122 and 123: Basic Verb Forms 113 We can show th
Page 124 and 125: Present tense Basic Verb Forms 115
Page 126 and 127: Basic Verb Forms 117 The third-pers
Page 128 and 129: Basic Verb Forms 119 16. show 17. f
Page 130 and 131: Basic Verb Forms 121 12. approach 1
Page 132 and 133: Basic Verb Forms 123 Base hop rob r
Page 134 and 135: Present participle Basic Verb Forms
Page 136 and 137: Basic Verb Forms 127 fly freeze hid
Page 138 and 139: 9 Verb Tenses This chapter deals wi
Page 140 and 141: Verb Tenses 131 Been is a helping v
Page 142 and 143: Verb Tenses 133 The present tense i
Page 144 and 145: Verb Tenses 135 The use of the past
Page 148 and 149: Verb Tenses 139 The audience took t
Page 150 and 151: Verb Tenses 141 The train leave the
Page 152 and 153: Verb Tenses 143 The practical diffe
Page 154 and 155: Verb Tenses 145 12. The design cons
Page 156 and 157: Future progressive Verb Tenses 147
Page 158 and 159: Simple Verb Complements 149 In this
Page 160 and 161: Simple Verb Complements 151 The old
Page 162 and 163: Simple Verb Complements 153 it I ne
Page 164 and 165: Simple Verb Complements 155 Even mo
Page 166 and 167: Simple Verb Complements 157 The obv
Page 168 and 169: Simple Verb Complements 159 14. We
Page 170 and 171: Simple Verb Complements 161 3. The
Page 172 and 173: Simple Verb Complements 163 14. Our
Page 174 and 175: Simple Verb Complements 165 1. The
Page 176 and 177: 11 Multiple Verb Complements A comp
Page 178 and 179: Multiple Verb Complements 169 6. Pa
Page 180 and 181: Multiple Verb Complements 171 1. My
Page 182 and 183: Multiple Verb Complements 173 In bo
Page 184 and 185: Multiple Verb Complements 175 8. Th
Page 186 and 187: Multiple Verb Complements 177 He dr
Page 188 and 189: Multiple Verb Complements 179 8. Th
Page 190 and 191: Multiple Verb Complements 181 That
Page 192 and 193: Multiple Verb Complements 183 Even
Page 194 and 195: Multiple Verb Complements 185 causa
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Multiple Verb Complements 187 Exerc
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Multiple Verb Complements 189 Objec
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Multiple Verb Complements 191 14. I
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Adverbs 193 3. now 4. also 5. even
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Adverbs 195 honest jealous last qui
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Adverbs 197 Adjectives due gay true
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Adverbs 199 completely The plan was
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Adverbs 201 Exercise 12.5 Underline
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Adverbs 203 Sub Conj statement I’
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Adverbs 205 Adverb infinitive phras
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Adverbs 207 Adverbs of place (singl
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Order of adverbs Adverbs 209 There
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Adverbs 211 14. to get any real com
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PART 3 Sentences
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13 Questions and Negatives Every la
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Questions and Negatives 217 The bas
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Questions and Negatives 219 2. You
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Questions and Negatives 221 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 223 3. That
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Questions and Negatives 225 8. The
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Questions and Negatives 227 Noun ph
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Questions and Negatives 229 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 231 11. He
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Questions and Negatives 233 3. The
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Questions and Negatives 235 5. Why
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Questions and Negatives 237 Here is
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Questions and Negatives 239 7. I am
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Questions and Negatives 241 Exercis
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Questions and Negatives 243 changes
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Questions and Negatives 245 Often a
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Questions and Negatives 247 Exercis
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14 The Passive In most sentences, t
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The Passive 251 3. Finally, the mys
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The Passive 253 McGraw-Hill publish
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The Passive 255 Active: Passive: Mo
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The Passive 257 10. They are talkin
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15 Indirect Quotation There are two
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Indirect Quotation 261 Present prog
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Indirect Quotation 263 3. Rudy said
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Indirect Quotation 265 In many lang
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Indirect Quotation 267 4. They aske
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Indirect Quotation 269 Exercise 15.
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Final Review 271 Exercise 16.2 (Cha
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Final Review 273 4. Be careful, the
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Final Review 275 Exercise 16.9 (Cha
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Final Review 277 5. The students co
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Final Review 279 Exercise 16.16 (Ch
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Final Review 281 9. I certainly sym
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Final Review 283 4. reply 5. ship 6
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Final Review 285 6. We go for a swi
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Final Review 287 8. She dressed up
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Final Review 289 2. What book have
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Final Review 291 8. After the prese
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Final Review 293 Exercise 16.34 (Ch
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Answer Key Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 1
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Answer Key 297 Exercise 2.3 1. capa
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Answer Key 299 Chapter 4 Exercise 4
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Answer Key 301 4. that you can wear
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Answer Key 303 Exercise 6.2 1. Putt
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Answer Key 305 using his hands. 4.
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Answer Key 307 Chapter 9 Exercise 9
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Answer Key 309 Exercise 10.4 1. Ins
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Answer Key 311 of State for Latin A
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Answer Key 313 Exercise 11.13 1. Ob
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Answer Key 315 last ice storm, the
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Answer Key 317 Exercise 13.6 1. ∅
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Answer Key 319 Chapter 14 Exercise
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Answer Key 321 of her car yet. 9. A
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Answer Key 323 Exercise 16.12 1. my
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Answer Key 325 Exercise 16.25 1. vi
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English Grammar Drills

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