English Grammar Drills

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5 Pronouns In this chapter we will discuss two types of pronouns: personal and reflexive. Personal pronouns You are probably familiar with the traditional definition of pronoun: “a pronoun is a word that replaces one or more than one noun.” The “one or more than one noun” part of the definition deals with compound nouns (two nouns joined by and or or). For example, consider the following sentence: Tom and Harry are good friends of mine. We can replace the compound noun Tom and Harry with the single third-person pronoun they: They are good friends of mine. However, if we were to take the definition literally, we would have a problem. For example, consider the following sentence: A tall young woman in the front row raised her hand. If we were to replace the noun woman in the above sentence with she, we would get the following nonsensical result: X A tall young she in the front row raised her hand. 67
68 Noun Phrases Clearly, what the pronoun she really replaces is the entire noun phrase a tall young woman in the front row: A tall young woman in the front row raised her hand. She raised her hand. Here is how we should rephrase the traditional definition of pronoun: a third-person pronoun is a word that replaces one or more than one noun and all the modifiers of those nouns. In grammatical terms, what the revised definition says is that third-person pronouns replace entire noun phrases. A noun phrase is a noun together with all of that noun’s modifiers. In the example, she replaces the noun woman along with all of the words that modify woman: the prenoun modifiers a tall young and the post-noun adjectival preposition phrase in the front row. The noun in the noun phrase determines which third-person pronoun to use, as we can see in the following examples: A tall young man in the front row raised his hand. He raised his hand. Two men in the back row both raised their hands at the same time. They both raised their hands at the same time. Here is the complete list of third-person pronouns that can replace noun phrases: Singular Plural Subject he, she, it they Object him, her, it them Here are examples of all of the third-person pronouns replacing noun phrases. In these examples, the noun is in italics and the entire noun phrase is underlined: Subject He: She: It: They: My grandfather on my mother’s side was a prospector in Alaska. He was a prospector in Alaska. The woman who was ahead of me in the line dropped all of her packages. She dropped all of her packages. A truck pulling a long trailer suddenly pulled out in front of me. It suddenly pulled out in front of me. All of the employees in the department went to Larry’s retirement party. They went to Larry’s retirement party.
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS
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ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS Mark Lester
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Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
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Preface This book focuses on the gr
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PART 1 Noun Phrases
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1 Nouns Proper and common nouns The
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Count nouns Nouns 5 Most count noun
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Nouns 7 Singular fly toy Plural fli
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Nouns 9 on the pronunciation of the
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Nouns 11 thief wolf thieves wolves
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Nouns 13 cheese (noncount): cheese
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Nouns 15 that the -s’ with these
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Page 28 and 29: Adjectives 19 1. It always immediat
Page 30 and 31: Adjectives 21 3. fast/all fast: all
Page 32 and 33: Adjectives 23 -Y Base Comparative S
Page 34 and 35: Adjectives 25 13. physical 14. stra
Page 36 and 37: 3 Articles Articles are by far the
Page 38 and 39: Articles 29 The use of the definite
Page 40 and 41: Articles 31 In the first example, w
Page 42 and 43: Articles 33 This is the first time
Page 44 and 45: Articles 35 4. Go down Elm Street a
Page 46 and 47: Articles 37 1. When the speaker doe
Page 48 and 49: Articles 39 Exercise 3.6 Fill in th
Page 50 and 51: Articles 41 Dogs are usually protec
Page 52 and 53: Articles 43 4. Can you get bread an
Page 54 and 55: Post-Noun Modifiers 45 The tall you
Page 56 and 57: Post-Noun Modifiers 47 beyond betwe
Page 58 and 59: Post-Noun Modifiers 49 As you can s
Page 60 and 61: Post-Noun Modifiers 51 We interview
Page 62 and 63: Post-Noun Modifiers 53 In this sent
Page 64 and 65: Post-Noun Modifiers 55 In the follo
Page 66 and 67: Post-Noun Modifiers 57 13. The key
Page 68 and 69: Post-Noun Modifiers 59 12. They ide
Page 70 and 71: Post-Noun Modifiers 61 1. The Shake
Page 72 and 73: Post-Noun Modifiers 63 1. By far th
Page 74 and 75: Post-Noun Modifiers 65 Since we typ
Page 78 and 79: Pronouns 69 Object Him: Her: It: Th
Page 80 and 81: Pronouns 71 Subject: Object: Comple
Page 82 and 83: Pronouns 73 Of the two solutions, t
Page 84 and 85: Reflexive pronouns Pronouns 75 Refl
Page 86 and 87: Pronouns 77 4. I told them that I w
Page 88 and 89: Pronouns 79 4. I couldn’t help sm
Page 90 and 91: Gerunds and Infinitives 81 Exercise
Page 92 and 93: Gerunds and Infinitives 83 it Don
Page 94 and 95: Gerunds and Infinitives 85 Gerund:
Page 96 and 97: Gerunds and Infinitives 87 Infiniti
Page 98 and 99: Gerunds and Infinitives 89 13. The
Page 100 and 101: 7 Noun Clauses Noun clauses are dep
Page 102 and 103: Noun Clauses 93 Predicate nominativ
Page 104 and 105: Noun Clauses 95 1. That it was over
Page 106 and 107: Noun Clauses 97 3. The experiment t
Page 108 and 109: Wh- clauses Noun Clauses 99 The sec
Page 110 and 111: Noun Clauses 101 it The question is
Page 112 and 113: Noun Clauses 103 When we hear or re
Page 114 and 115: Noun Clauses 105 9. My friends were
Page 116 and 117: Noun Clauses 107 5. They were natur
Page 118 and 119: PART 2 Verb Phrases
Page 120 and 121: 8 Basic Verb Forms This chapter dea
Page 122 and 123: Basic Verb Forms 113 We can show th
Page 124 and 125: Present tense Basic Verb Forms 115
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Basic Verb Forms 117 The third-pers
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Basic Verb Forms 119 16. show 17. f
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Basic Verb Forms 121 12. approach 1
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Basic Verb Forms 123 Base hop rob r
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Present participle Basic Verb Forms
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Basic Verb Forms 127 fly freeze hid
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9 Verb Tenses This chapter deals wi
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Verb Tenses 131 Been is a helping v
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Verb Tenses 133 The present tense i
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Verb Tenses 135 The use of the past
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Verb Tenses 137 past tense present
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Verb Tenses 139 The audience took t
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Verb Tenses 141 The train leave the
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Verb Tenses 143 The practical diffe
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Verb Tenses 145 12. The design cons
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Future progressive Verb Tenses 147
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Simple Verb Complements 149 In this
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Simple Verb Complements 151 The old
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Simple Verb Complements 153 it I ne
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Simple Verb Complements 155 Even mo
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Simple Verb Complements 157 The obv
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Simple Verb Complements 159 14. We
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Simple Verb Complements 161 3. The
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Simple Verb Complements 163 14. Our
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Simple Verb Complements 165 1. The
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11 Multiple Verb Complements A comp
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Multiple Verb Complements 169 6. Pa
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Multiple Verb Complements 171 1. My
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Multiple Verb Complements 173 In bo
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Multiple Verb Complements 175 8. Th
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Multiple Verb Complements 177 He dr
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Multiple Verb Complements 179 8. Th
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Multiple Verb Complements 181 That
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Multiple Verb Complements 183 Even
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Multiple Verb Complements 185 causa
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Multiple Verb Complements 187 Exerc
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Multiple Verb Complements 189 Objec
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Multiple Verb Complements 191 14. I
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Adverbs 193 3. now 4. also 5. even
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Adverbs 195 honest jealous last qui
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Adverbs 197 Adjectives due gay true
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Adverbs 199 completely The plan was
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Adverbs 201 Exercise 12.5 Underline
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Adverbs 203 Sub Conj statement I’
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Adverbs 205 Adverb infinitive phras
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Adverbs 207 Adverbs of place (singl
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Order of adverbs Adverbs 209 There
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Adverbs 211 14. to get any real com
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PART 3 Sentences
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13 Questions and Negatives Every la
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Questions and Negatives 217 The bas
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Questions and Negatives 219 2. You
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Questions and Negatives 221 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 223 3. That
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Questions and Negatives 225 8. The
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Questions and Negatives 227 Noun ph
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Questions and Negatives 229 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 231 11. He
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Questions and Negatives 233 3. The
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Questions and Negatives 235 5. Why
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Questions and Negatives 237 Here is
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Questions and Negatives 239 7. I am
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Questions and Negatives 241 Exercis
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Questions and Negatives 243 changes
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Questions and Negatives 245 Often a
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Questions and Negatives 247 Exercis
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14 The Passive In most sentences, t
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The Passive 251 3. Finally, the mys
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The Passive 253 McGraw-Hill publish
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The Passive 255 Active: Passive: Mo
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The Passive 257 10. They are talkin
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15 Indirect Quotation There are two
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Indirect Quotation 261 Present prog
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Indirect Quotation 263 3. Rudy said
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Indirect Quotation 265 In many lang
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Indirect Quotation 267 4. They aske
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Indirect Quotation 269 Exercise 15.
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Final Review 271 Exercise 16.2 (Cha
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Final Review 273 4. Be careful, the
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Final Review 275 Exercise 16.9 (Cha
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Final Review 277 5. The students co
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Final Review 279 Exercise 16.16 (Ch
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Final Review 281 9. I certainly sym
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Final Review 283 4. reply 5. ship 6
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Final Review 285 6. We go for a swi
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Final Review 287 8. She dressed up
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Final Review 289 2. What book have
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Final Review 291 8. After the prese
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Final Review 293 Exercise 16.34 (Ch
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Answer Key Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 1
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Answer Key 297 Exercise 2.3 1. capa
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Answer Key 299 Chapter 4 Exercise 4
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Answer Key 301 4. that you can wear
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Answer Key 303 Exercise 6.2 1. Putt
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Answer Key 305 using his hands. 4.
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Answer Key 307 Chapter 9 Exercise 9
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Answer Key 309 Exercise 10.4 1. Ins
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Answer Key 311 of State for Latin A
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Answer Key 313 Exercise 11.13 1. Ob
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Answer Key 315 last ice storm, the
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Answer Key 317 Exercise 13.6 1. ∅
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Answer Key 319 Chapter 14 Exercise
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Answer Key 321 of her car yet. 9. A
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Answer Key 323 Exercise 16.12 1. my
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Answer Key 325 Exercise 16.25 1. vi
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English Grammar Drills

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