English Grammar Drills

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Nouns 15 that the -s’ with these nouns is what makes them plural. What actually makes them plural is the change in their vowels or ending. We must use ’s because we are only making these nouns (which already happen to be plural nouns) into possessive nouns. A much better way to think of plural and possessive -s is given below. There are three types of -s endings: Plural only Possessive only Plural possessive -s -’s -s’ The -’s tells us is that whatever noun the -’s is attached to is now possessive. If -’s is attached to a singular noun (as is usually the case), then that noun has become a singular possessive noun. If -’s is attached to an irregular plural noun, then that noun has becomes a plural possessive noun. This analysis will help you to always use the right form for both regular and irregular nouns. One of the nice things about writing the different forms of the possessive -’s is that the spelling is completely regular. For example, here is how we spell the possessive forms of irregular nouns that change f to v in the plural: Singular: wolf Possessive: wolf’s (note that the f does not change to v) Plural: wolves Plural possessive: wolves’ Here is how we spell the possessives of nouns ending in consonant y: Singular: Possessive: Plural: Plural possessive: spy spy’s spies spies’ Notice that the plural spies is spelled differently than the possessive singular spy’s. In the singular possessive, the y does not change to i and we do not add -es. We just add the normal -’s. Here is how we spell the possessive nouns ending in vowel y: Singular: Possessive: Plural: Plural possessive: boy boy’s boys boys’ Remember, the y is part of the spelling of the vowel and therefore nothing happens to it.
16 Noun Phrases Exercise 1.6 Fill in the following chart with all of the forms for each noun. Singular Singular possessive Plural only Plural possessive wife wife’s wives wives’ 1. dog 2. horse 3. tree 4. lady 5. fox 6. tooth 7. play 8. worker 9. shelf 10. man 11. studio 12. place 13. fly 14. child 15. woman The pronunciation of the possessive -’s (whether singular or plural) or -s’ is governed by the same rules that govern the pronunciation of the plural -s: /s/ if the noun ends in a voiceless consonant sound (except a sibilant) /z/ if the noun ends in a vowel or voiced consonant sound (except a sibilant) /ǝz/ if the noun ends in a sibilant sound Here are some examples: /s/: /z/: /әz/: cat–cat’s, cats’; Kate–Kate’s, Kates’; Smith–Smith’s, Smiths’ company–company’s, companies’; officer–officer’s, officers’ church–church’s, churches’; horse–horse’s, horses’
Page 2 and 3: ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS
Page 4 and 5: ENGLISH GRAMMAR DRILLS Mark Lester
Page 6 and 7: Contents Preface . . . . . . . . .
Page 8 and 9: Preface This book focuses on the gr
Page 10 and 11: PART 1 Noun Phrases
Page 12 and 13: 1 Nouns Proper and common nouns The
Page 14 and 15: Count nouns Nouns 5 Most count noun
Page 16 and 17: Nouns 7 Singular fly toy Plural fli
Page 18 and 19: Nouns 9 on the pronunciation of the
Page 20 and 21: Nouns 11 thief wolf thieves wolves
Page 22 and 23: Nouns 13 cheese (noncount): cheese
Page 26 and 27: Nouns 17 Exercise 1.7 Write the plu
Page 28 and 29: Adjectives 19 1. It always immediat
Page 30 and 31: Adjectives 21 3. fast/all fast: all
Page 32 and 33: Adjectives 23 -Y Base Comparative S
Page 34 and 35: Adjectives 25 13. physical 14. stra
Page 36 and 37: 3 Articles Articles are by far the
Page 38 and 39: Articles 29 The use of the definite
Page 40 and 41: Articles 31 In the first example, w
Page 42 and 43: Articles 33 This is the first time
Page 44 and 45: Articles 35 4. Go down Elm Street a
Page 46 and 47: Articles 37 1. When the speaker doe
Page 48 and 49: Articles 39 Exercise 3.6 Fill in th
Page 50 and 51: Articles 41 Dogs are usually protec
Page 52 and 53: Articles 43 4. Can you get bread an
Page 54 and 55: Post-Noun Modifiers 45 The tall you
Page 56 and 57: Post-Noun Modifiers 47 beyond betwe
Page 58 and 59: Post-Noun Modifiers 49 As you can s
Page 60 and 61: Post-Noun Modifiers 51 We interview
Page 62 and 63: Post-Noun Modifiers 53 In this sent
Page 64 and 65: Post-Noun Modifiers 55 In the follo
Page 66 and 67: Post-Noun Modifiers 57 13. The key
Page 68 and 69: Post-Noun Modifiers 59 12. They ide
Page 70 and 71: Post-Noun Modifiers 61 1. The Shake
Page 72 and 73: Post-Noun Modifiers 63 1. By far th
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Post-Noun Modifiers 65 Since we typ
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5 Pronouns In this chapter we will
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Pronouns 69 Object Him: Her: It: Th
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Pronouns 71 Subject: Object: Comple
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Pronouns 73 Of the two solutions, t
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Reflexive pronouns Pronouns 75 Refl
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Pronouns 77 4. I told them that I w
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Pronouns 79 4. I couldn’t help sm
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Gerunds and Infinitives 81 Exercise
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Gerunds and Infinitives 83 it Don
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Gerunds and Infinitives 85 Gerund:
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Gerunds and Infinitives 87 Infiniti
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Gerunds and Infinitives 89 13. The
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7 Noun Clauses Noun clauses are dep
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Noun Clauses 93 Predicate nominativ
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Noun Clauses 95 1. That it was over
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Noun Clauses 97 3. The experiment t
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Wh- clauses Noun Clauses 99 The sec
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Noun Clauses 101 it The question is
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Noun Clauses 103 When we hear or re
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Noun Clauses 105 9. My friends were
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Noun Clauses 107 5. They were natur
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PART 2 Verb Phrases
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8 Basic Verb Forms This chapter dea
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Basic Verb Forms 113 We can show th
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Present tense Basic Verb Forms 115
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Basic Verb Forms 117 The third-pers
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Basic Verb Forms 119 16. show 17. f
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Basic Verb Forms 121 12. approach 1
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Basic Verb Forms 123 Base hop rob r
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Present participle Basic Verb Forms
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Basic Verb Forms 127 fly freeze hid
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9 Verb Tenses This chapter deals wi
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Verb Tenses 131 Been is a helping v
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Verb Tenses 133 The present tense i
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Verb Tenses 135 The use of the past
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Verb Tenses 137 past tense present
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Verb Tenses 139 The audience took t
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Verb Tenses 141 The train leave the
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Verb Tenses 143 The practical diffe
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Verb Tenses 145 12. The design cons
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Future progressive Verb Tenses 147
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Simple Verb Complements 149 In this
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Simple Verb Complements 151 The old
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Simple Verb Complements 153 it I ne
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Simple Verb Complements 155 Even mo
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Simple Verb Complements 157 The obv
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Simple Verb Complements 159 14. We
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Simple Verb Complements 161 3. The
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Simple Verb Complements 163 14. Our
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Simple Verb Complements 165 1. The
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11 Multiple Verb Complements A comp
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Multiple Verb Complements 169 6. Pa
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Multiple Verb Complements 171 1. My
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Multiple Verb Complements 173 In bo
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Multiple Verb Complements 175 8. Th
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Multiple Verb Complements 177 He dr
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Multiple Verb Complements 179 8. Th
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Multiple Verb Complements 181 That
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Multiple Verb Complements 183 Even
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Multiple Verb Complements 185 causa
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Multiple Verb Complements 187 Exerc
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Multiple Verb Complements 189 Objec
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Multiple Verb Complements 191 14. I
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Adverbs 193 3. now 4. also 5. even
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Adverbs 195 honest jealous last qui
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Adverbs 197 Adjectives due gay true
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Adverbs 199 completely The plan was
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Adverbs 201 Exercise 12.5 Underline
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Adverbs 203 Sub Conj statement I’
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Adverbs 205 Adverb infinitive phras
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Adverbs 207 Adverbs of place (singl
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Order of adverbs Adverbs 209 There
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Adverbs 211 14. to get any real com
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PART 3 Sentences
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13 Questions and Negatives Every la
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Questions and Negatives 217 The bas
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Questions and Negatives 219 2. You
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Questions and Negatives 221 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 223 3. That
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Questions and Negatives 225 8. The
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Questions and Negatives 227 Noun ph
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Questions and Negatives 229 Here ar
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Questions and Negatives 231 11. He
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Questions and Negatives 233 3. The
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Questions and Negatives 235 5. Why
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Questions and Negatives 237 Here is
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Questions and Negatives 239 7. I am
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Questions and Negatives 241 Exercis
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Questions and Negatives 243 changes
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Questions and Negatives 245 Often a
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Questions and Negatives 247 Exercis
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14 The Passive In most sentences, t
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The Passive 251 3. Finally, the mys
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The Passive 253 McGraw-Hill publish
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The Passive 255 Active: Passive: Mo
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The Passive 257 10. They are talkin
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15 Indirect Quotation There are two
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Indirect Quotation 261 Present prog
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Indirect Quotation 263 3. Rudy said
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Indirect Quotation 265 In many lang
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Indirect Quotation 267 4. They aske
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Indirect Quotation 269 Exercise 15.
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Final Review 271 Exercise 16.2 (Cha
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Final Review 273 4. Be careful, the
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Final Review 275 Exercise 16.9 (Cha
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Final Review 277 5. The students co
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Final Review 279 Exercise 16.16 (Ch
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Final Review 281 9. I certainly sym
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Final Review 283 4. reply 5. ship 6
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Final Review 285 6. We go for a swi
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Final Review 287 8. She dressed up
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Final Review 289 2. What book have
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Final Review 291 8. After the prese
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Final Review 293 Exercise 16.34 (Ch
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Answer Key Chapter 1 Exercise 1.1 1
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Answer Key 297 Exercise 2.3 1. capa
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Answer Key 299 Chapter 4 Exercise 4
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Answer Key 301 4. that you can wear
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Answer Key 303 Exercise 6.2 1. Putt
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Answer Key 305 using his hands. 4.
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Answer Key 307 Chapter 9 Exercise 9
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Answer Key 309 Exercise 10.4 1. Ins
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Answer Key 311 of State for Latin A
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Answer Key 313 Exercise 11.13 1. Ob
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Answer Key 315 last ice storm, the
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Answer Key 317 Exercise 13.6 1. ∅
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Answer Key 319 Chapter 14 Exercise
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Answer Key 321 of her car yet. 9. A
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Answer Key 323 Exercise 16.12 1. my
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Answer Key 325 Exercise 16.25 1. vi
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English Grammar Drills

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