Lifespan and Causes of Death in the Irish Wolfhound - Vetsuisse ...

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3.11.1.3 Diagnosis In affected animals, direct and consensual pupillary reflexes are impaired or absent. During ophthalmoscopic examination, tapetal hyperreflectivity and/or nontapetal depigmentation as well as retinal blood vessel attenuation and optic nerve atrophy may be found. Both eyes are affected symmetrically. Concerning differential diagnosis, PRA can be differentiated from other possible causes of slowly progressive vision loss, such as cataracts, retinal scarring, pigmentation or oedema, posterior uveitis etc. by ophthalmoscopy. Experimentally, severe vitamin A and E deficiency has been shown to cause retinal degeneration in dogs (Smith and Miller 2004). 3.11.1.4 Therapy The disease is currently incurable and its progress unstoppable. Blind dogs should be kept in a familiar environment and only walked on a leash. Practical suggestions to improve quality of life include avoiding to change the position of furniture, using dog toys that produce sound, and applying perfume to the pieces of furniture to help the dogs identify their position (Smith and Miller 2004). 3.11.1.5 Prognosis Affected animals will gradually and irreversibly turn completely blind. Nevertheless, properly managed dogs have a normal life expectancy, unless they have to be euthanised due to an inability to adapt to blindness. 3.11.2 Epizootology Very little information on incidence and prevalence of PRA in the Wolfhound population is available. It seems that only 4 new cases were registered with the Irish Wolfhound Foundation during the past 10 years, with roughly 4'000 Wolfhounds registered per year (Janis, personal communication). On the other hand, it is quite probable that there are additional unreported cases. Nevertheless, the incidence of PRA in Wolfhounds seems to be low at the moment. 3.11.3 Heredity and Control Measures While a mutation in the rom-1 structural gene has been excluded as the cause for PRA (Gould, Petersen-Jones et al. 1997), the exact molecular genetic base of the disease in Irish Wolfhounds remains unknown. A simple autosomal recessive mode of inheritance has been postulated; recommended control measures are thus not to breed known carriers (parents of affected offspring) and full siblings of affected dogs (2/3 risk of being a carrier). A lay article available on the internet includes a list of presumed carriers (Thornton 2005). 46
3.12 Miscellaneous 3.12.1 Odds Ratios for different diseases Dorn (2002) published odds ratio comparisons for dogs of 78 breeds for which more than 1’000 cases were available in the Veterinary Medical Database of Purdue University, using the 10 most frequently diagnosed diseases in the respective breeds. He investigated whether the disease risk of the specific breeds in question differed significantly from the risk for the average population in the database. His findings for Irish Wolfhounds are quoted in table 3.2 (Odds Ratio for diseases of average frequency would equal 1. P values were calculated using Pearson’s Chi-square test). Disease N° of Cases Odds Ratio 95 % CI P value Cancer (OS) 80 27.50 21.21 – 35.66
Page 1 and 2: Aus der Abteilung Tierhaltung und T
Page 3 and 4: Omnia mors poscit - lex est, non po
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Acknowledgements
Page 7 and 8: 1 Abstract/Summary This study inves
Page 9 and 10: 1.2.3 Own Data A worldwide pedigree
Page 11 and 12: Due to the frequent bottlenecks dur
Page 13 and 14: 2 Introduction "It is impossible to
Page 15 and 16: 3 Literature Review Several disease
Page 17 and 18: previous results (Comfort 1960). No
Page 19 and 20: the average ages were significantly
Page 21 and 22: 3.2 Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shun
Page 23 and 24: Conservative therapy is also indica
Page 25 and 26: mitochondrial hyperplasia, disrupti
Page 27 and 28: there are marked individual differe
Page 29 and 30: 3.3.2 Epizootology Numbers publishe
Page 31 and 32: 2002). On the molecular level, the
Page 33 and 34: 3.4.2 Epizootology In past studies
Page 35 and 36: 3.5.1.3 Diagnosis The history and c
Page 37 and 38: 3.5.2 Epizootology A prospective st
Page 39 and 40: Differential diagnoses include recu
Page 41 and 42: 3.7.1.3 Diagnosis The definite diag
Page 43 and 44: Furthermore, the Utrecht cases also
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.1: Survival times after fi
Page 47 and 48: have an independent mode of inherit
Page 49 and 50: 3.9.1.5 Prognosis Prognosis for OCD
Page 51: CU/dl). Of these with low values, 2
Page 55 and 56: The disease is clinically character
Page 57 and 58: It is interesting to notice that ev
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 The SAS Program Package Stati
Page 61 and 62: 5 Results of Past Studies Revisited
Page 63 and 64: 5.1.4 Causes of Death 5.1.4.1 Influ
Page 65 and 66: 5.2 Analysis of Murphy (1991) ANOVA
Page 67 and 68: 5.2.1.3 Gender Effects As mentioned
Page 69 and 70: 5.2.2.3 Gender Effects No significa
Page 71 and 72: 6.1.2 Inbreeding Four inbreeding co
Page 73 and 74: 6.1.3 Geographical Origin Countries
Page 75 and 76: 6.2.1 Data of Living Dogs Ages at w
Page 77 and 78: Coefficient R 2 p F Coefficient R 2
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 6.8: Lifespan (GD) of direct p
Page 81 and 82: UC Excluded - Birth Cohorts Merged
Page 83 and 84: Fig. 6.10: 10-Generation Wright's I
Page 85 and 86: The individual and cumulative contr
Page 87 and 88: 6.4 Ancestor Analyses of Diseases P
Page 89 and 90: 6.4.2 Osteogenic Sarcoma 6.4.2.1 Re
Page 91 and 92: 6.4.4 Portosystemic Shunt 6.4.4.1 R
Page 93 and 94: 6.4.5.2 Dog 6844 Given that dog 684
Page 95 and 96: 6.4.5.4 Dog 6636 Dog 6636 (born 195
Page 97 and 98: 7 Discussion 7.1 Lifespan 7.1.1 Lif
Page 99 and 100: findings of the study at hand are i
Page 101 and 102: degree. The fact that average lifes
Page 103 and 104:
first-generation progeny. The broad
Page 105 and 106:
In this model, the degree of purgin
Page 107 and 108:
7.2.2.5 Present Study No significan
Page 109 and 110:
It is interesting to consider what
Page 111 and 112:
7.3 Ethical Considerations 7.3.1 In
Page 113 and 114:
7.3.2 Decreased Lifespan The ethica
Page 115 and 116:
(Papazoglou, Monnet et al. 2002). G
Page 117 and 118:
While there are currently no heredi
Page 119 and 120:
7.5 Future Research Prospects 7.5.1
Page 121 and 122:
8 References Ackerman, L. (1999). T
Page 123 and 124:
Deeb, B. and N. Wolf (1994). "Study
Page 125 and 126:
Kealy, R. D., D. F. Lawler, et al.
Page 127 and 128:
Rothuizen, J. (2002). Molecular Gen
Page 129 and 130:
Walker, H. (1896). Der Irish Wolfho
Page 131:
ID DR DA DR10 DA10 GR GA GR10 GA10
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