Lifespan and Causes of Death in the Irish Wolfhound - Vetsuisse ...

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Overall Intact Castrated Males 7.03 ± 2.53 years 7.07 ± 2.52 years 6.57 ± 2.79 years Females 7.62 ± 2.70 years 7.37 ± 2.85 years 8.07 ± 2.35 years Overall 7.35 ± 2.64 years 7.20 ± 2.67 years 7.85 ± 2.46 years Table 5.3: Gender and castration effects on the average life expectancy ± Standard Deviation (SD) of Irish Wolfhounds. Significant effects are discussed in the text. 5.1.5.2 Causes of Death Males were found to be at an increased risk for death by DCM (21.0% of male deaths as opposed to 13.2% of female deaths; p=0.037, χ 2 =4.35; p=0.044, Fisher's twosided test). Females were found to be at an increased risk for death by cancer other than osteogenic sarcoma (7.53% of male deaths as opposed to 16.0% of female deaths; p=0.013, Fisher's two-sided test; χ 2 not applicable). No significant gender effects were found for the other disease classes. Based on the results published by Priester and McKay (1980), Ru, Terracini et al. (1998) and Cooley, Beranek et al. (2002), it was decided to additionally test the influence of castration on osteogenic sarcoma risk. As a result, castrated male Irish Wolfhounds were found to be at a significantly increased risk for OS as compared to the overall population: 46.15% of castrated males died of OS as opposed to 18.91% of the rest of the population (p=0.027; Fisher's two-sided test). These significance levels became borderline when compared within males only (p=0.046, Fischer's rightsided test; p=0.077, Fischer's two-sided test). As opposed to Cooley, Beranek et al. (2002), no significant effects of female castration on osteosarcoma risk were found in our overall Irish Wolfhound population (p=0.22, χ 2 =1.53; p=0.26, Fischer's two-sided test) and within females only (p=0.44, χ 2 =0.59; p=0.57, Fischer's two-sided test). 5.1.5.3 General Linear Models Following the calculations above, it was decided to analyse the effects of both gender and causes of death on lifespan in a General Linear Model (GLM) type III SS, with unknown causes of death being either excluded or considered a separate category. The results are shown in table 5.4 below: Unknown Causes Excluded Unknown Causes Included n in Model 350 398 R-square 0.072 0.097 DF p F DF p F Model 7 0.0006 3.80 8
5.2 Analysis of Murphy (1991) ANOVA showed that lifespan data provided by Murphy (1991) differed significantly from Bernardi (1986) and Prokopenko (1998) (p
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Aus der Abteilung Tierhaltung und T
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Omnia mors poscit - lex est, non po
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements
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1 Abstract/Summary This study inves
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1.2.3 Own Data A worldwide pedigree
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Due to the frequent bottlenecks dur
Page 13 and 14: 2 Introduction "It is impossible to
Page 15 and 16: 3 Literature Review Several disease
Page 17 and 18: previous results (Comfort 1960). No
Page 19 and 20: the average ages were significantly
Page 21 and 22: 3.2 Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shun
Page 23 and 24: Conservative therapy is also indica
Page 25 and 26: mitochondrial hyperplasia, disrupti
Page 27 and 28: there are marked individual differe
Page 29 and 30: 3.3.2 Epizootology Numbers publishe
Page 31 and 32: 2002). On the molecular level, the
Page 33 and 34: 3.4.2 Epizootology In past studies
Page 35 and 36: 3.5.1.3 Diagnosis The history and c
Page 37 and 38: 3.5.2 Epizootology A prospective st
Page 39 and 40: Differential diagnoses include recu
Page 41 and 42: 3.7.1.3 Diagnosis The definite diag
Page 43 and 44: Furthermore, the Utrecht cases also
Page 45 and 46: Figure 3.1: Survival times after fi
Page 47 and 48: have an independent mode of inherit
Page 49 and 50: 3.9.1.5 Prognosis Prognosis for OCD
Page 51 and 52: CU/dl). Of these with low values, 2
Page 53 and 54: 3.12 Miscellaneous 3.12.1 Odds Rati
Page 55 and 56: The disease is clinically character
Page 57 and 58: It is interesting to notice that ev
Page 59 and 60: 4.2.2 The SAS Program Package Stati
Page 61 and 62: 5 Results of Past Studies Revisited
Page 63: 5.1.4 Causes of Death 5.1.4.1 Influ
Page 67 and 68: 5.2.1.3 Gender Effects As mentioned
Page 69 and 70: 5.2.2.3 Gender Effects No significa
Page 71 and 72: 6.1.2 Inbreeding Four inbreeding co
Page 73 and 74: 6.1.3 Geographical Origin Countries
Page 75 and 76: 6.2.1 Data of Living Dogs Ages at w
Page 77 and 78: Coefficient R 2 p F Coefficient R 2
Page 79 and 80: Fig. 6.8: Lifespan (GD) of direct p
Page 81 and 82: UC Excluded - Birth Cohorts Merged
Page 83 and 84: Fig. 6.10: 10-Generation Wright's I
Page 85 and 86: The individual and cumulative contr
Page 87 and 88: 6.4 Ancestor Analyses of Diseases P
Page 89 and 90: 6.4.2 Osteogenic Sarcoma 6.4.2.1 Re
Page 91 and 92: 6.4.4 Portosystemic Shunt 6.4.4.1 R
Page 93 and 94: 6.4.5.2 Dog 6844 Given that dog 684
Page 95 and 96: 6.4.5.4 Dog 6636 Dog 6636 (born 195
Page 97 and 98: 7 Discussion 7.1 Lifespan 7.1.1 Lif
Page 99 and 100: findings of the study at hand are i
Page 101 and 102: degree. The fact that average lifes
Page 103 and 104: first-generation progeny. The broad
Page 105 and 106: In this model, the degree of purgin
Page 107 and 108: 7.2.2.5 Present Study No significan
Page 109 and 110: It is interesting to consider what
Page 111 and 112: 7.3 Ethical Considerations 7.3.1 In
Page 113 and 114: 7.3.2 Decreased Lifespan The ethica
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(Papazoglou, Monnet et al. 2002). G
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While there are currently no heredi
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7.5 Future Research Prospects 7.5.1
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8 References Ackerman, L. (1999). T
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Deeb, B. and N. Wolf (1994). "Study
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Kealy, R. D., D. F. Lawler, et al.
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Rothuizen, J. (2002). Molecular Gen
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Walker, H. (1896). Der Irish Wolfho
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ID DR DA DR10 DA10 GR GA GR10 GA10
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Lifespan and Causes of Death in the Irish Wolfhound - Vetsuisse ...

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