Phase 1B Underwater Archaeological Report for the Onondaga ...

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FINAL Phase IB Underwater Archaeological Resources Report for Onondaga Lake Superfund Site target, and accommodated the specific underwater conditions of the site. For large area searches, the diver swam parallel transects, in a back-and-forth overlapping pattern. For more localized anomalies, or for lower-visibility conditions, the diver used a circle-search survey technique swimming concentric circles, overlapping from a central point. In extremely low or zero visibility conditions, including areas of dense vegetation, the diver swung a 6ft (1.8m) fiberglass rod back and forth while swimming to ensure complete coverage of the survey area. Dive verification was also accomplished with a metal detector. Using a Fisher Pulse 8X underwater metal detector, the diver swam in one of the survey patterns described above. Metallic items exposed above the lakebed were visually examined, while buried targets were probed with a fiberglass rod to determine the size and depth of the source material. Archaeological documentation of properties dive verified in October 2010 and June 2011 was executed by taking direct measurements from the sites. The primary measuring devices were fiberglass reel tapes positioned in several locations on each site. Using multiple baselines, archaeologists recorded the location of features. Small steel rulers were used to fill in details. Other recording tools included clipboards with drafting film for writing on, staplers and awls for attaching baselines to wooden structures, and probes to determine the depth of buried remains (Figure 33). The archaeological study was non-destructive and no artifacts were recovered. The field techniques were designed to gather the data necessary to accurately assess the structure exposed above the sediments, and, when necessary, gage the extent of buried remains. Data was gathered in a logical progression from general to more detailed. Documentation initially focused on the structure’s overall construction plan, with later dives devoted to filling in specific construction details. The historic period boats and structures found in Onondaga Lake tended to be built using the imperial measurement system, thus all field measurements were recorded in feet and inches. High-definition video was recorded for many of the dive verified sites. The video system consisted of a Sony HDR-HC3 HDV 1080i Mini DV Handycam in a Light and Motion Blue Fin housing. The underwater recordation of field measurements and video was only the first step in the documentation process. The fieldnotes were initially recorded on drafting film. After finishing the dive, archaeologists were tasked with recopying their field notes onto graph paper. These recopied notes were used to record observations that were too complex to note while working underwater. Scale drawings were drafted by hand on acid-fee graph paper. Additional project notes were recorded by LCMM’s Archaeological Director in the form of a Field Log in a “Rite in the Rain”® all-weather notebook. Those observations are presented as Appendix 1. 45
FINAL Phase IB Underwater Archaeological Resources Report for Onondaga Lake Superfund Site Figure 33. Diver with clipboard and tape measure (LCMM Collection). 46
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