Antropomotoryka nr 55.indb - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w ...

Václav Bunc, Marie Skalská
tion on walking speed on flat surface in range of intensities
4–10 km · h –1 was established in the form
VO 2
· kg –1 (ml · kg –1 · min –1 ) =
= 9.577* v (km · h –1 ) – 32.411
R = 0.898, p < 0.005, S EE
= 1.52 ml · kg –1 · min –1 , T EE
=
= 1.80 ml · kg –1 · min –1
For calculation of energy cost from oxygen uptake
was used mean energy equivalent for oxygen
4.83 kcal · min · l –1 (20.2 kJ · min · l –1 ), neglecting the
contribution of protein (about 15%) to the total metabolism
[7].
The energy output on the level of 1500 kcal (6270
kJ) per week was respected by construction of individual
moving programs [10]. The moving programs
consisted of aerobic walking (min 80% of whole exercise)
or cycling (min 10% of total exercise) at the
level of 50 to 70% VO 2max
(HR ranged from 65 to 85%
of HR max or 130–170 beats · min–1 ). The duration of exercise
session ranged from 20 to 50 min, and training
was performed 3–5 times a week. The time spent at
exercise per week ranged between 85–250 min. Rest
of absolved exercise was individually dependent, and
majority was home gymnastics or swimming. The duration
of exercise session ranged from 20 to 50 min,
and exercise training was performed 3–5 times a week
during 5 months.
The intensity of exercise (heart rate) was monitored
continuously by Polar Sportester and by step counter
OMRON HJ-720IT-E2.
The data about qualitative contents of exercise were
collected by questionnaire.
Means and standard deviations were calculated
according to standard methods. The paired t-test was
used to evaluate differences between means where appropriate.
Results
The standards of aerobic fitness and physical performance
(mean speed of walking on distance of 2000 m
on flat terrain) are presented in Table 1. The Good levels
there are standards for Czech men. Poor it is mean
minus one standard deviation, and Excellent it is mean
plus one standard deviation. This Table could be used
in field for assessment of both aerobic fitness and physical
performance senior women.
Selected anthropometrical and “maximal” functional
variables before and after moving program which were
collected in group of 68 non-trained healthy men are
presented in Table 2.
The mean of daily realized steps ranged from 9872
(450) to 13 562 (730) and was on the level recommend
10 000 steps per day [11].
The energy output of exercise ranged from 4390
kJ to 7780 kJ [mean 6440 (960) kJ] per week. After 5
months of training, slight but significant BM loss [mean
3.5 (1.9) kg; (p < 0.05)], FFM increase [mean 2.6 (1.2) kg;
(p < 0.05)], BCM increase [mean 4.1 (2.3) kg; (p < 0.05)],
ECM/BCM decrease [mean 0.05 (0.004); (p < 0.05)],
and BF decrease [mean 3.2 (1.6)%; (p < 0.05)] was
Table 1. Standards of aerobic fitness (VO 2
max · kg –1 ) and physical performance for adult men determined on a treadmill walking and
during a 2000 m track walk
Poor Good Excellent
Age Speed VO 2max
· kg –1 Speed VO 2max
· kg –1 Speed VO 2max
· kg –1
(yrs) (km · h –1 ) (ml · kg –1 · min –1 ) (km · h –1 ) (ml · kg –1 · min –1 ) (km · h –1 ) (ml · kg –1 · min –1 )
25 7.5 39.5 8.5 49.2 9.4 57.0
30 7.2 36.5 8.1 45.9 9.0 54.0
35 7.1 35.2 8.0 44.4 8.9 52.9
40 6.9 33.4 7.8 42.3 8.7 50.9
45 6.7 31.3 7.6 39.9 8.5 49.2
50 6.5 29.7 7.4 38.6 8.3 47.5
55 6.3 27.9 7.2 36.5 8.1 45.9
60 6.1 26.1 7.1 35.2 8.0 44.4
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