Antropomotoryka nr 55.indb - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego w ...

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Ryszard Panfil Synergy application index (Wss) calculated on the basis of comparison of team activity (A) in carrying out of various combinations was as follows: 27 18 27 Brazil Wss : 3 0, 74 61 61 18 30 26 30 Russia Wss : 3 0,76 49 49 26 45 26 45 Serbia Wss : 3 1,08 47 47 26 Synergy utilization indices (Wws) were determined following similar principles, adding the number of ratios for effective combinations performed at various tempo, and so: 6 11 6 Brazil Wws : 3 0,36 31 31 11 10 16 10 Russia Wws : 3 0,53 27 27 16 18 15 18 Serbia Wws : 3 1,01 18 18 15 The values of indices, including: synergy application (Wss) and utilization (Wws) indicate that together with the growth of sporting effectiveness the level of utilizing synergy in creation of score-gaining situations in the volleyball game increases. This is confirmed by values of indices defining both activity and effectiveness, with diagnostic capability of the synergy utilization index determined by effectiveness of combinations performed at various tempos being higher than diagnostic capabilities of the synergy application index determined by activity of cooperation. The fact that values of the indices, both synergy application (Wss) and utilization (Wws), are coming close to zero shows bigger and bigger application and utilization of three-player combinations performed at tempo 2 with broad and deep utilization of the playing space by teams effective in sport. On the other side, the contrary tendencies, that is coming of the indices close to one or exceeding this value by teams with lower effectiveness (see the team of Serbia) indicates decreasing importance of less complex combinations performed at tempo 1, and in particular at tempo 3, at the highest sporting level in the effective play. SUMMARY The obtained results allowed identification of various dimensions and levels of synergism in the team game, including: effectiveness of cooperation for chosen players and utilization of combination (variants) in positioning of offensive actions and in creation of score-gaining situations. The obtained data indicate that evaluation of effectiveness for two-player and three-player cooperation may concern both the synergy dimension i.e. synergic potential of players and positions occupied in the game, synergism between players and positions, as well as synergy of the team as a whole. The obtained results allowed also identification of the level of synergy resulting from the degree of synchronization and coordination of actions absolutely dependent on each other. Synergic perception of the cooperation effectiveness, accepted by players, is favourable for development of an added value in the team, i.e. task-related coherence and as a consequence also emotional coherence, as well as a new quality i.e. combinations of actions that we cannot analyse in an individualized personal aspect. LITERATURE • PIŚMIENNICTWO [1] Panfi l R: Prakseologia gier sportowych [Praxeology of sports game]. Studia i Monografi e, Wrocław, AWF, 2006: 82 [2] Panfi l R: Synergia w zespołowej walce sportowej [Synergy in the team sport fight]. Prakseologia, 1992; 1–2: 73–86. [3] Bergier J: W poszukiwaniu wyznaczników skuteczności gry w piłkę nożną [Looking for determinants of football game effectiveness]. Wychowanie Fizyczne i Sport, 1998; 2. [4] Bergier J: Charakterystyka i analiza gry w piłkę nożną mężczyzn i kobiet [The characteristics and analysis of men’s and women’s football game]. Warsaw, AWF, Zamiejscowy Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego (Non-local Department of Physical Education), 2009. [5] Duda H: Euro 2004 – analiza działań ofensywnych najlepszych zespołów [Euro 2004 – the analysis of offensive actions for the best teams]. Sport Wyczynowy, 2004; 7–8. [6] Panfil R: Metoda oceny działań startowych piłkarza [Method of evaluating starting actions of the football player]. Sport Wyczynowy, 1989; 9–10. [7] Panfi l R: Prakseologiczne modele gry sportowej [Praxeological models of the sports game]; in Bergier J (ed.): Obserwacja działań w zespołowej grze sportowej [Observation of actions in the team sports game]. Wrocław, MTNGS Monograph, 2004; 5. [8] Szwarc A: Metoda oceny skuteczności techniczno-taktycznych działań piłkarzy [Method of evaluating technical – 86 –
The effectiveness of cooperation in the team game (pragmatic study of unique cases) and tactical actions of football players]. Sport Wyczynowy, 2002; 7–8. [9] Wrzos J: Wskaźniki gry piłkarzy czołówki światowej oraz reprezentantów Polski [Indices of world leading football players and representatives of Poland], Sport Wyczynowy, 2002; 7–8, [10] Olsen E: An analysis of scoring strategies in the World Championship in Mexico1986; in Relly T, Davids A, Murphy W (eds.): Science and football, London, 1988. [11] Relly T, Thomas V: A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match play, Journal of Human Movement Studies, 1976; 2. [12] Winkler W: Spielbeobachtung bei Fussballspielen im Zusammenhang mit Spielerpositionen, Spielsystem und Laufbelastung. Leistungssport, 1983; 6, [13] Zubillaga A et al.: Match analysis of 2005–2006 Champions League Final with Amisco system; in Korkusuz F, Ergen E (eds.). Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 2007; 6, Supl. 10. [14] Klocek T, Żak S: Strukturalne i motoryczne determinanty skuteczności gry w piłkę siatkową kobiet [Structural and motor determinants of effectiveness for women’s volleyball], Antropomotoryka, 2001; 22, 65–80. [15] Superlak E: The structure of volleyball playing dispositions in players 14–15 candidates for the Polish national team. Human Movement, 2006; 7 (2): 118–129. [16] Selinger A: Arie Selinger`s power volleyball. New York, St. Martin`s Press, 1986. [17] Bittenham G: Complete conditioning for basketball. 1998: 45–49. [18] Huciński T, Tymiński R: Efektywność zawodnika grającego na pozycji rozgrywającego w koszykówce [The effectiveness of a player playing in the midfi elder position in basketball] Roczniki Naukowe, AWF Gdańsk, 2001; X: 39–54. [19] Panfi l R: Synergizm działań bezwzględnie zależnych w zespole sportowym (na przykładzie gry w piłkę nożną i piłkę siatkową) [Synergism of absolutely dependent actions in the sports team (using the example of football and volleyball game)]. Rozprawy Naukowe, Wrocław, AWF, 2011; 32. [20] Panfil R, Superlak E: Umiejętność współdziałania w kreowaniu sytuacji punktowych w grze w piłkę siatkową (pragmatyczne studium unikalnych przypadków) [The ability of cooperation in creation of score-gaining situations in volleyball (pragmatic study of unique cases)], Antropomotoryka, 2011 [in print]. [21] Naglak Z, Superlak E: [untitled], Rozprawy Naukowe [Scientifi c Studies], AWF Wrocław, 2011; 32. [22] Beal D: Seeking excellence in a program – Going for the Gold; in Shondell D, Reynaud C (eds): The volleyball coaching Bible. Champaign. Human Kinetics, 2002: 45–49. – 87 –
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